The objective of this article is to present the analysis we conducted regarding interdisciplinarity in the training of legal professionals in the Law program at UNAD, focusing on emerging anthropocentric and biocentric perspectives that offer a different view in the training process from territorial and environmental approaches. The program, which has been in existence for three years and being the first virtual modality program authorized in Colombia, is a pioneer in its field. In consequence, we ask ourselves: What are the relevant aspects in the training of legal professionals in the face of the environmental challenges of the 21st century? For this purpose, we used a qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews, surveys and literature review, highlighting the holistic and hermeneutic methods. We found five key aspects: a) interdisciplinary perspective in legal training; b) development of skills and competencies; c) paradigmatic changes from anthropocentrism to biocentrism from a pedagogical perspective in law; d) training of legal professionals with an environmental humanistic sense; and e) the territorial and environmental approach of the UNAD Law program. Furthermore, in the discussion, we analyzed the aspects identified above, based on complex thinking, professional skills and competences, environmental humanism and ethics in the exercise of the legal profession from a formative approach. We conclude by highlighting the importance of interdisciplinarity, critical thinking and the territorial approach as positive aspects with an opportunity for strengthening, particularly related with emerging paradigms and environmental humanism in law.

Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System states that citizens have the right to obtain basic education for children aged seven to fifteen years. In addition, it is also a commitment to the implementation of Grobogan district’s regional regulation No 5 of 2019 on education implementation, especially article 12 related to the obligation of local governments to ensure the implementation of basic education according to their authority. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the basic education management program in Grobogan district; analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the basic education management program in Grobogan district; formulate a model for implementing the basic education management program in Grobogan district. The method used in this research is qualitative. This method was used to analyse the phenomenon of policy implementation of the basic education management program in Grobogan district. The research site was in Grobogan district. The informants are policy actors who know a lot about the basic education program in Grobogan district. The results show that the implementation of the Grobogan district education office’s policy on basic education management consists of three areas, namely (1) equalization and expansion of access to education; (2) improvement of quality, relevance and competitiveness; (3) education governance and accountability. These three areas aim to achieve the national standards of education and the minimum service standards of education.

The allocation of funds in the local budget is a matter of concern for the governments and economic scholars. The study examines the influence of local budget expenditures on the GRDP per capita of 63 provinces and municipalities in Vietnam from 2018 to 2022. Regression analysis of panel data reveals that capital expenditure has a positive correlation with local GRDP per capita, whereas current expenditure has a negative correlation with GRDP per capita. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the percentage of individuals aged 15 and above who are employed and the percentage of urban citizens have an equivalent influence as the GRDP per capita. Conversely, the average age and local Gini coefficient have contrasting effects on GRDP per capita. The author suggests several policy alternatives to assist localities in boosting their GRDP per capita based on the findings of the study model.

Competition in the telecommunications market has significant benefits and impacts in various fields of society such as education, health and the economy. Therefore, it is key not only to monitor the behavior of the concentration of the telecommunications market but also to forecast it to guarantee an adequate level of competition. This work aims to forecast the Linda index of the telecommunications market based on an ARIMA time series model. To achieve this, we obtain data on traffic, revenue, and access from companies in the telecommunications market over a decade and use them to construct the Linda index. The Linda index allows us to measure the possible existence of oligopoly and the inequality between different market shares. The data is modeled through an ARIMA time series to finally predict the future values of the Linda index. The results show that the Colombian telecommunications market has a slight concentration that can affect the level of competition.

Using data from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China from 2006 to 2019, we employ a double difference (DID) model and a spatial double difference (SDID) model to estimate the impact of the High-speed Railway (HSR) on the income gap between urban and rural residents, as well as its spatial spillover effects. Our research reveals several key findings. Firstly, the introduction of high-speed railways helps to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents within local areas, but its spatial effects can lead to an increase in the income gap in neighboring provinces. Secondly, from a spatial perspective, intermediate variables such as industrial structure, education, science and technology, and foreign trade can also contribute to balancing the income gap between urban and rural residents, although the impact of population mobility is not significant. Thirdly, further analysis of the spatial effects demonstrates that education plays a significant role in balancing the income gap both within the local province and neighboring provinces. Additionally, adjustments in industrial structure, advancements in science and technology, and foreign trade have stronger spillover effects in reducing the income gap among neighboring provinces compared to their impact at a local level.

Lei's work explores the theme of existentialism, reflecting the anxiety and uncertainty that modern people experience in the face of a rapidly changing world. The stories explore the dislocation and suffering experienced by modern people in a heterogeneous cultural space, the anxiety of existential existence, and the alienation and dislocation of interpersonal relationships.