Tomato powdery mildew, fruit rot, and twig blight are all managed with Deltamethrin. Its residues could still be present in the crops, posing a health risk. The pesticide residue analysis, dissipation rate, and safety assessments were thus examined in green tomatoes. The analytical method for residue analysis was validated according to international standards. Tomato fruits and soil were used to study the dissipation of Deltamethrin 100 EC (11% w/w) at 12.5 g a.i ha−1 for the recommended dose (RD) and 25.0 g a.i ha−1 for the double of the recommended dose (DD). Ethyl acetate was used to extract residues from tomato fruit, and PSA and magnesium sulphate were used for cleanup.The fruits had recoveries ranging from 83% to 93% and the soil sample from 81.67% to 89.6%, with the limit of detection (LOQ) estimated at 0.01 mg kg−1. The matrix effect (ME) was calculated to be less than 20% for the tomato fruits and the soil.Half-lives for RD and DD were 1.95 and 1.84 days, respectively. All sampling days for both doses had dietary exposures of residues below the maximum permissible intake (MPI) of 0.16 mg person−1 day−1. The most effective method of decontaminating tomato residue containing Deltamethrin is blanching.
Introduction: Growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) are related to fertilizer application, being nitrogen (N) the most outstanding, due to its direct relationship with photosynthesis and vegetative growth of the plant. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the agronomic and productivity characteristics of okra as a function of N dose. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the experimental area of Campus Gurupi, the Universidad Federal de Tocantins (UFT), Brazil, in two planting periods (autumn/winter and spring/summer). The experimental design used was randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments (50, 100, 150, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) and four replications. Urea was used as a source of N. The characteristics evaluated were: productivity, average fruit mass, height and plant chlorophyll index. Results: Productivity and plant height were superior in the fall/winter crop. Mean fruit mass and chlorophyll index were not influenced by planting time. For productivity, a linear response was obtained with increasing dose up to the limit of the N dose used (250 kg ha-1), with a mean value higher than 14 t of fruit. Mean mass and plant height responded linearly to increasing N dose. Nitrogen affected the chlorophyll index, with maximum values of 45.96 and 47.19, observed in the two evaluation periods. Conclusion: Planting time and N content in the soil interacted with plant height, being favorable in the period without precipitation. N influenced all the characteristics, demonstrating the importance of nitrogen fertilization in the development of okra plants.
In Costa Rica, there is no explicit recommendation from the competent authorities for the use of a specific phantom, so experts must explore what suppliers offer, among which the Normi Mam Digital phantom from PTW stands out. This article presents the results of the dosimetry and image quality control applied to the Normi Mam Digital phantom to validate it as equipment that complies with the recommendations of the Human Health Series No. 17. The results obtained were satisfactory, proving that the equipment complies with the tolerances recommended by international health bodies.
Theoretically, within the diatomic model, the relative stability of most abundant boron clusters B11, B12, and B13 with planar structures in neutral, positive and negative charged-states is studied. According to the specific (per atom) binding energy criterion, B12+ (6.49 eV) is found to be the most stable boron cluster, while B11– + B13+ (5.83 eV) neutral pair is expected to present the preferable ablation channel for boron-rich solids. Obtained results would be applicable in production of boron-clusters-based nanostructured coating materials with super-properties such as lightness, hardness, conductivity, chemical inertness, neutron-absorption, etc., making them especially effective for protection against cracking, wear, corrosion, neutron- and electromagnetic-radiations, etc.
Efficient access to tourist spots is necessary for enhancing the overall travel experience, especially in urban environments. This study investigates the accessibility of key tourist spots in Budapest through different transportation modes (e.g., walking, cycling, and public transport) across various time intervals. Using spatial-temporal travel time maps and detailed statistical analysis, the research highlighted significant differences in how these modes connect tourists to their attractions. Cycling stands out as the most efficient transportation option, providing rapid access to a wide range of tourist spots, while public transport ranks second. However, the study also reveals disparities in accessibility, with central areas being well-served, while outer ones, especially in the northwest, remain less accessible. These findings highlight the need for targeted transportation improvements to ensure that all areas of the city are equally reachable. The results offer valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers aiming to enhance tourism infrastructure and improve the visitor experience in Budapest.
