Due to its physicochemical properties, nanoparticles titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) is being put into mass production and widespread applications, which inevitably results in their increasing exposure to the water body. After it entering the water body, the chemical properties of nTiO₂ can be influenced by ion compositions, ion strength and pH, which affects their ecological risk. Excess of ammonium (NH₄⁺) fertilizer has contaminated soil and water environments. In this paper, the Zeta potentials and hydrodynamic radius of nTiO₂ were studied in NH₄⁺ solution compared to those in Na⁺ solution. In addition, the sedimentation rate of nTiO₂ was also investigated. The experiment results show that high pH inhibits the sedimentation of nTiO₂. Moreover, NH₄⁺ increases the stability of nTiO₂ more than Na⁺ at the same IS, which was attributed the more negative Zeta potentials and the smaller hydraulic radius. Our results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the ecological risk of nTiO₂ in aqueous solution containing NH₄⁺.

The developmental dilemma of infant and toddler care is examined from a family perspective, and in-depth analyses of infant and toddler care are conducted using Family Systems Theory and Cultural Capital Theory,which are essential to the holistic development of children, the balance between family and work, and the sustainable development of society and the economy.The developmental dilemmas of infant and toddler care are discussed in depth from the family perspective, and solutions are proposed accordingly. By applying family systems theory and cultural capital theory to analyze the root causes and influencing factors of the problem, it provides useful thoughts and suggestions for improving infant and toddler care practices.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide. Most of the anticancer agents have been showing a variety of side effects. Recently, bacterial proteins have been investigated as promising anticancer agents. Azurin is a bacterial cupredoxin protein secreted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has been reported as a potent multi-targeting anticancer agent, which makes it an appropriate candidate for drug delivery. Azurin may be delivered to cancer cells using different carriers like polymeric micro and nanoparticles. In the present study, azurin was extracted from the bacterial host and loaded into chitosan particles. Then its effect on MCF-7 cell line was investigated. Chitosan-azurin particles were made using the ion gelation method. Results showed that chitosan-azurin particles are about 200 nm, and the loading of the protein in particles did not affect its integrity. The MTT assay showed a significant reduction in cell viability in azurin and chitosan-azurin-treated cells. The toxicity level after 5 days was 63.78% and 82.53% for free azurin and chitosan-azurin-treated cells, respectively. It seems using an appropriate carrier system for anticancer proteins like azurin is a promising tool for developing low side effect anticancer agents.

Today, diffusion-weighted MRI is an important, complementary sequence in an MRI of the abdomen, especially in oncological questions, but also in inflammatory diseases. The following paper deals with the technical basics and shows typical indications and findings as well as the value of the method in the diagnosis of parenchymatous upper abdominal organs and the gastrointestinal tract.

The work is devoted to the numerical solution of the initial boundary value problem for the heat equation with a fractional Riesz derivative. Explicit and implicit difference schemes are constructed that approximate the boundary value problem for the heat equation with a fractional Riesz derivative with respect to the coordinate. In the case of an explicit difference scheme, a condition is obtained for the time step at which the difference scheme converges. For an implicit difference scheme, a theorem on unconditional convergence is proved. An example of a numerical calculation using an implicit difference scheme is given. It has been established that when passing to a fractional derivative, the process of heat propagation slows down.

This study investigates how financial cognitive abilities influence individual investors’ intentions to engage in the stock market, particularly considering the mediating role of financial capability. It seeks to address the gaps in understanding the factors that drive investors’ participation in emerging markets like Pakistan, highlighting the importance of financial knowledge, financial planning, and financial satisfaction and financial capability. Data were collected from 377 individual investors through a self-administered questionnaire using a cross-sectional design and non-probability convenience sampling approach. Results reveal that financial knowledge affects investors’ intentions both directly and indirectly, with financial capability serving as a partial mediator. Financial planning influences intentions indirectly through complete mediation, while financial satisfaction affects intentions in both direct and indirect ways, with partial mediation. The study provides valuable insights for the researchers, individual investors, governmental officials, policymakers, and stock market regulators in context of emerging economies like Pakistan, highlighting key determinants of stock market participation.