The cross wire projection welding of wires (Al 5182, = 4 mm) performed using the conventional (i.e. pneumatic) electrode force system was subjected to thorough numerical analysis. Calculations were performed until one of adopted boundary conditions, i.e., maximum welding time, maximum penetration of wires, the occurrence of expulsion or the exceeding of the temperature limit in the contact between the electrode and the welded material was obtained. It was observed that the ring weld was formed within the entire range of welding parameters. The process of welding was subjected to optimisation through the application of a new electromechanical electrode force system and the use of a special hybrid algorithm of electrode force and/or displacement control. Comparative numerical calculations were performed (using SORPAS software) for both electrode force systems. Technological welding tests were performed using inverter welding machines (1 kHz) provided with various electrode force systems. The research also involved the performance of metallographic and strength (peeling) tests as well as measurements of welding process characteristic parameters (welding current and voltage).
The welding process optimisation involving the use of the electromechanical force system and the application of the hybrid algorithm of force control resulted in i) more favourable space distribution of welding power, ii) energy concentration in the central zone of the weld, iii) favourable (desired) melting of the material within the entire weld transcrystallisation zone and iv) obtainment of a full weld nugget.

This paper presents the state of displacement of a multilayered composite laminate subjected to transverse static load with varying balance, symmetric and anti-symmetric angle-ply and cross-ply staking sequences. Higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is considered in the finite element formulation of nine-noded isoparametric element with seven degrees of freedom at each node. The finite element formulation is transformed into computer codes. A convergence study is carried out first to obtain the optimal mesh size for minimizing the computational time. The maximum deflection at the center of plate for both fixed and simply supported edges is verified with reported literature and a good conformity is found. An attempt has been made to observe the minimum value of maximum deflection in the laminate for attaining the maximum strength of laminate with a suitable combination of stacking sequences with a constant volume of material.

The study aimed to investigate the concept of workplace equality as experienced and perceived by female librarians of Punjab, Pakistan. Through this investigation, the study aimed to contribute to the broader discourse on creating equitable and inclusive workplaces for women in the field of library and information science. A qualitative research method based on semi-structured interviews was employed to meet the objectives of the study. The interview guide was used to collect data from female librarians working in the Higher Education Commission’s (HEC) recognized public and private sector universities of the Punjab, Pakistan. According to the results, female librarians shared that they have faced gender-based discrimination in job allocation as male librarians were favored for tasks with additional wages or representation at corporate events. Private sector candidates reported issues related to career development opportunities as managers often restrict participation in seminars, conferences, and higher education pursuits. The study also highlighted that inequalities or discriminations affect employees motivation and enthusiasm. This study highlights issues of inequality from a female perspective in the library and information science field, contributing to a deeper understanding of the key factors to ensure equitable workplaces. This study may be a useful contribution to the body of research literature, as well as the findings may help in sensitizing the management and authorities to control the work environment to facilitate females, and to make female-oriented policies.

This paper aims to explore the impact of V-Girls APP on the improvement of female college students' Health literacy and its mechanism. Using a questionnaire survey method, the survey subjects were female students from a certain university. The results showed that using the V-Girls app can significantly improve the health knowledge level, health behavior habits, and mental health status of female college students. Further analysis reveals that the impact mechanisms of V-Girls APP mainly include cognitive mechanisms, social support mechanisms, and behavioral guidance mechanisms. The results of this study provide new ways and ideas for improving female college students' Health literacy.