Black Death is a virosis caused by the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), transmitted by thrips, and represents a complex problem since weed hosts for thrips vectors and the virus is accentuated as virus reservoir and vector sustenance. The objective was to generate, from a list of weeds that act as hosts for the four vector thrips species in the horticultural belt of La Plata, a relative risk categorization as an epidemiological component. Between 2000 and 2003, three sites were selected within the horticultural belt of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) where flowers of 21 weed hosts of Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella gemina and Thrips tabaci were sampled monthly (60 in total). For analysis, the sampling results were grouped into three annual seasons, corresponding to the phenology of greenhouse crops in the region. For the four thrips vectors, the abundance of adult thrips and the presence of their larvae were considered using an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis and the DGC multivariate mean comparison test to obtain the number of significant groups. From this base grouping, three risk groups (RG) were defined as a source of inoculum for these vectors: high (H), medium (M) and low (L) according to the status of the reproductive host (RH). The groups that emerged were: (H): RH of F occidentalis, (M): RH of F. schultzei and T. tabaci, and (L): RH of F. gemina or non-vector thrips. Periodic survey and early flowering suppression of nine weed species categorized as high risk is proposed. This implies the continuous monitoring of three weed species, to which other companion weeds are added according to the growing season.

Some developmental projects are created by people-private partnerships (PPP), particularly where recovery is acquirable by levying the users. Such PPPs are successful for construction of roads, bridges, running toilet facilities and conveyance facility in mode of use and pay. Likewise, public-scientist partnerships (PSPs) will be successful, where monitored impacts can be used to derive benefit. But such example cases are not so popular in utilizing new research results and derive benefits from natural resources and enhance productivity. There is a demand for similar partnership projects in research area. In this study modality of the PSP to create boost engine for natural resource conservation and bring economic prosperity is established. A novel PSP launch was synthesized on useful food crop viz. finger millet (Elusiane corcona (l)), which has been known since long past, and now is regaining popularity. It was possible to enhance additional annual production of 5.755 million tonnes of finger millet grain, equivalent to additional income of Rs 11,510 crores. Against this the scientist partnership share was 0.49x million tonnes grain and economic equivalency of Rs 992 crores, which was just 7–8%, with same level of input in agriculture. Additional benefits were sustainability of production and resources consecration, reduction of greenhouse gas emission (GHGs), particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O), largely emanating from agriculture and responsible for depletion of ozone layer. The finger millet stiff stem will be useable for production of ply-board filling material that will be innovative building material for housing and infrastructure developments and making furniture.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results and complications of arthroscopic subcapital realignment osteotomy for the treatment of chronic and stable proximal femoral epiphysiolysis (PFE) in an initial series of patients. According to the literature review, the study presents the first description of an arthroscopic technique of this type of osteotomy. Methods: Between June 2012 and December 2014, seven patients underwent arthroscopic subcapital realignment osteotomy for the treatment of chronic, stable PFE. The mean age of the patients was 11 years and four months. Minimum follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean, 16.5 months). Patients were clinically evaluated according to the Harris Hip Score modified by Byrd and radiographically according to Southwick’s quantitative classification and the epiphyseal-diaphyseal angle. Postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: With regard to the evaluation of the Harris Hip Score Modified by Byrd clinical score, a preoperative mean of 35.8 points and a postoperative mean of 97.5 points were observed (p < 0.05). Radiographically, five patients were classified as Southwick grade II and two as grade III. A mean correction of the epiphyseal-diaphyseal angle of 40° was observed. There were no immediate postoperative complications. One patient developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head, without collapse or chondrolysis at the last follow-up (22 months). Conclusion: The arthroscopic technique presented by the authors for the treatment of chronic, stable PFE resulted in clinical and radiographic improvement of the patients in this initial series.

Managing business development related to the innovation of intelligent supply chains is an important task for many companies in the modern world. The study of management mechanisms, their content and interrelations of elements contributes to the optimization of business processes and improvement of efficiency. This article examines the experience of China in the context of the implementation of intelligent supply chains. The study uses the methods of thematic search and systematic literature review. The purpose of the article is to analyze current views on intelligent supply chain management and identify effective business management practices in this area. The analysis included publications devoted to various aspects of supply chain management, innovation, and the implementation of digital technologies. The main findings of the article are as follows: Firstly, the key elements of intelligent supply chain management mechanisms are identified, secondly, successful experiences are summarized and the main challenges that companies face in their implementation are identified. In addition, the article focuses on the gaps in research related to the analysis of successful experiences and the reasons for achieving them.

China established pilot carbon markets in 2013. In 2020, it set targets for carbon peaking in 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050. China’s national carbon market officially commenced operations in 2021. Based on the national market and seven pilot markets, this study established the factors influencing carbon trading prices by examining market participants, macroeconomics, energy prices, carbon prices in other markets, etc. Asymmetrical development among the seven pilot cities, for which the study employed a mixed-effects model, was the primary factor impacting carbon prices. The carbon prices in the pilot cities cannot be extrapolated to the entire country. In the national carbon market, where the study employed a multiple regression lag model, the SSE index was positively correlated with carbon prices, whereas the Dow Jones index had no significant effect on carbon prices in terms of macroeconomics. Coal and natural gas prices were negatively correlated with carbon prices, whereas oil prices were positively correlated with energy prices. The EU market prices have a positive correlation with prices in other markets. The significance of this study is that it covers the largest national Emissions Trading System (ETS) in the world and allows for comparing the characteristics of the Chinese market with those of other ETS markets. Additional studies, including more sectors, should be conducted as China’s ETS coverage increases.

This academic paper explores the impact of multi-entity cooperation on the effectiveness of public service provision in China. It examines the social governance pattern proposed by the 19th National Congress of the CCP and the emphasis on co-building, co-governing, and sharing. The paper highlights the need for collaboration among various entities and the transition from sole government provision to improve urban public services. It aims to investigate the moderating effects of institutions, policies, and public participation. The study will involve quantitative and qualitative phases in three cities in Guangdong Province and target governmental departments, commercial organizations, non-profit social organizations, and local residents. The research aims to provide policy recommendations, innovate institutional policies, enhance public engagement, and improve multi-party cooperation and urban public services. It seeks to contribute practical models and measures for effective government public management and service implementation.