Taxus cuspidata Sieb. ET. Zucc. is a taxus of Taxaceae, a rare third-order relict species distributed in northeastern China, and a wild endangered plant species protected by national level I. Taxol (paclitaxel, trade name taxol) and cephalomannine (cephalomannine) are all diterpenoids contained in the genus Taxus, with broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity and unique anti-cancer mechanism. In this study, the distribution of paclitaxel and cephalomannine in the leaves of Taxus cuspidata in different parts and different growth stages was discussed. The results showed that the content of two substances in the leaves of the majority of the crowns was lower than that of the biennial and tertiary there were no significant differences in the contents of two substances in the two-year and three-year-old

foliage. There was no significant difference in the contents of the two layers in the three levels of the noodles, and

the content of the male was slightly higher than that of the dark. The content of paclitaxel in the leaves of natural

northeast yew was the highest at dormancy period, and the content of flowering and fruit was not much different. The

content of Cephalotaxin was the highest in dormancy period, and that of cephalosporin the content of paclitaxel and

cephalomannine in each plant were significantly different. There was significant difference between the two plants.

Using a newly developed data set, we analyze the effects of infrastructure investment on economic performance in Portugal. A vector-autoregressive approach estimates the elasticity and marginal products of twelve types of infrastructure investment on private investment, employment, and output. We find that the largest long-term accumulated effects come from investments in railroads, ports, airports, health, education, and telecommunications. For these infrastructures, the output multipliers suggest that these investments pay for themselves through additional tax revenues. For investments in ports, airports and education infrastructures, the bulk of the effects are short-term demand-side effects, while for railroads, health, and telecommunications, the impact is mostly of a long-term and supply-side nature. Finally, investments in health and airports exhibit decreasing marginal returns, with railroads, ports, and telecommunications being relatively stable. In terms of the other infrastructure assets, the economic effects of investments in municipal roads, electricity and gas, and refineries are insignificant, while investments in national roads, highways, and waste and waste water have positive economic effects but too small to improve the public budget. Clearly, from a policy perspective, not all infrastructure investments in Portugal are created equal.

In this study, the effect of porogenic solvents on pore size distribution of the polycaprolactone (PCL) thin films was investigated. Five thin PCL films were prepared using the solvent-casting method. Chloroform, Methylene Chloride (MC) and three different compositions of MC/ Dimethylformamide (DMF) (80/20, 50/50 and 20/80) were used as solvents. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations were employed to study morphology and consequently the pore size distribution of the prepared films. The PCL films made by chloroform and MC as a solvent were completely non-porous. Whereas the other films (made by a combination of MC and DMF) showed both uni-modal and bi-modal pore size distributions.

This study uses the opening of the new Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) in stages between 2010 and 2012 in Singapore as the exogenous event to empirically test the impact of the new Circle Line (CL) on housing wealth. Applying a "differences-in-differences" approach to the non-landed private housing transaction data covering the period from 2009 to 2013, we find that the average housing prices increase by 1.6% in the post-opening of the CL. We find significant capitalization of the new CL into housing prices, especially households living within a 400-meter radius (the treatment zone) from the closest MRT stations on the CL. The treatment effects that are measured by the "marginal willingness to pay" for houses located within the treatment zone is 13.2% relative to houses located outside the treatment zone. The new CL opening creates an estimated S$1.23 billion housing wealth effects for households living in close proximity to the CL MRT stations. However, we do not find significant "anticipative" effects on house prices in the six-month window prior to the opening of CL. The strongest treatment effect is found after the opening of the phase 1 of CL, and the treatment intensity declines in phases 2 and 3 of the CL opening.