This paper discusses the use of workforce ecosystems to manage human intellectual capital. The need for work ecosystems has emerged in the digital age because of the rapid growth in the number of engaged partners and freelancers in the digitalization of enterprises. It is shown that this growth is directly related to the use of agile management systems in design and development: agile, DevOps, microservice architecture, turquoise practices, etc. The information systems needed to manage workforce ecosystems should have competency-based metrics to link business needs, recruitment and training, and finding new partners. At the same time, training should be prioritized over recruitment and the search for new partners in the context of staff shortages. When automating workforce ecosystems, a platform approach should be used to integrate both corporate HR, time and business process management systems, and similar systems from partners.

This study aims to determine the effect of Human Capital Management (HCM) and work ethics on the performance of life insurance agents mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Organization (OCB-O) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Individual (OCB-I). The data was collected from 103 respondents who had entered the category of having won the Top Agent Awards (TAA) using a survey approach with questionnaires. The population consisted of life insurance agents who had won the TAA/MDRT, a 5 Likert scale questionnaire, and analyses using the SEM-AMOS-21 program. The results prove HCM has a positive significant effect on work ethics; HCM does not have a substantial impact on OCB-O and OCB-I; Work Ethics have a considerable effect on OCB-I and OCB-O; OCB-O and OCB-I have no significant impact on performance; HCM does not have a substantial effect on performance; Work Ethics does not have a considerable impact on performance, however, if OCB-I mediates HCM it will strengthening agent Performance, likewise, Work Ethics if mediated by OCB-I, will strengthening Performance. The findings of this study are that for insurance agents to perform well, companies can treat agents as HCM and work ethics, and it is essential to pay attention to OCB-I as mediation in improving agent performance.

Entomopathogens are microorganisms that pathogenic to insect pest. Several species of naturally occurring viz; fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, infect a variety of insect pests and play an important role in agricultural crops controlling insect pest management.  This kind of biopesticide has many advantages and alternative to chemical insecticides, highly specific, safe, and environmentally sustainable. Pest problems are an almost inevitable part of agriculture. They occur largely because agricultural systems are simplified and modifications of natural ecosystems. Viruses, bacteria are host specific and fungi generally have broader host range and can infect both underground and aboveground pests, soil-dwelling nature nematodes are more suitable for managing soil pests. Growing crops in monoculture provides concentrated food resource that allows pest populations to achieve higher densities in natural environments. Some of the most important problems occur when pests develop resistance to chemical pesticides. These cause highly significant damage to crops, there are also threats from emerging new strains of pests. Crops cultivation can make the physico-chemical environment more favourable for pest activity. Agricultural pests are reducing the yield and quality of produce by feeding on crops, transmitting diseases. Agricultural production significantly loss crop yields, suggest that improvements in pest management are significant forward for improving yields. Crop growers are under immense pressure to reduce the use of chemical pesticides without sacrificing yields, but at the same time manage of pests is becoming difficult due to pesticide resistance and the decreasing availability of products. Alternative methods are needed urgently. These need to be used as part of Integrated Pest Management safety and environmental impact.