With the faster pace of China’s opening to the outside world, the contacts between Chinese enterprises and Portuguese speaking countries are becoming more and more frequent. Under this trend, how to further improve the quality of Portuguese classroom teaching is related to the development of students, enterprises and the long-term development of the whole country. This paper mainly focuses on the two aspects of “the main problems existing in Portuguese classroom teaching” and “the improvement countermeasures of Portuguese classroom teaching”. Combined with the current situation of Portuguese teaching, this paper puts forward targeted reform measures, in order to further optimize the Portuguese teaching system, with “student development”, “enterprise development” and take “national development” as the ultimate goal to cultivate a large number of high-quality Portuguese talents to the society.

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) have revolutionized urban transportation worldwide, but their implementation in developing countries faces significant challenges, including infrastructure modernization, resource constraints, and varying internet accessibility. This paper proposes a methodological framework for optimizing the implementation of Cyber-Physical Urban Mobility Systems (CPUMS) tailored to improve the quality of life in developing countries. Central to this framework is the Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) approach, augmented with advanced artificial intelligence techniques. The DSM facilitates the visualization and integration of CPUMS components, while statistical and multivariate analysis tool such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and artificial intelligence methods such as K-means clustering enhance complex system the analysis and optimization of complex system decisions. These techniques enable engineers and urban planners to design modular and integrated CPUMS components that are crucial for efficient, and sustainable urban mobility solutions. The interdisciplinary approach addresses local challenges and streamlines the design process, fostering economic development and technological innovation. Using DSM and advanced artificial intelligence, this research aims to optimize CPS-based urban mobility solutions, by identifying critical outliers for targeted management and system optimization.

The "chain length system" is a breakthrough attempt made to adapt to the needs of industrial management under the new development pattern of dual circulation and its industrial policy form. The cultivation of cross-border e-commerce talents in vocational colleges has received much attention. Currently, there are still many problems in the construction and teaching mode of cross-border e-commerce courses in vocational colleges, which are highlighted as the disconnection between course offerings and industry needs, low practical value of course content, low professional literacy of graduates, and inability of graduates to handle practical work. Therefore, it is crucial to construct and innovate a golden course for the development of cross-border e-commerce careers in the new era, focus on strengthening and supplementing the cross-border e-commerce talent chain, and open up the "last mile" of the cross-border e-commerce talent chain, so as to  improve the specifications and quality of talent cultivation. Starting from the pain points and difficulties of industry enterprise demand, curriculum teaching patterns, characteristics, and main contradictions as breakthrough points, we will carry out the construction of golden courses, using "task driven", "module teaching", "project teaching", "project incubation", "achievement recognition", and "point exchange" throughout the entire teaching process, in order to enhance the core competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce talents and serve the chain leader system in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area.

This article addresses the complex challenge of defining the concept and principles of juvenile justice within the realm of legal science: juvenile justice is a specialized legal framework that focuses on addressing legal issues involving minors, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment. The article explores the evolution of juvenile justice, examining its theoretical foundations, legislative developments, and practical applications across different legal systems. By dissecting various definitions and principles proposed by scholars and practitioners, this article aims to clarify the core components of juvenile justice and propose a coherent conceptual framework. This article seeks to analyze and elucidate the concept and principles of juvenile justice by examining its historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and current practices. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and comparative analysis of various legal systems, the article seeks to provide a robust framework for understanding juvenile justice, to offer clarity on “juvenile justice” definition and principles, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of juvenile justice systems and contributing to more informed policy-making and legal reform. The analysis underscores the importance of protecting minors’ rights while balancing the interests of society, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of juvenile justice in contemporary legal discourse. Based on the research, it is suggested to define juvenile justice as a comprehensive system of legal norms and institutions, state and other bodies that protect the rights of minors, as well as a complex of preventive and other measures in this area.

As a product of the integration of AI technology and media, the debate surrounding the potential replacement of human anchors by AI anchors has persisted since their inception. This paper conducts a systematic literature review of research on AI anchors in China from 2000 to 2023, grounded in theories of personalization within the field of communication studies. The analysis aims to compare the differences in personalized representation between AI anchors and human anchors, summarizing the advancements, challenges, and future directions of AI anchor communication based on personality. This contribution seeks to enhance the existing knowledge base surrounding AI anchor research.

This research presents an innovative perspective on vocational education by merging the Instructional System Design (ISD) model with Innovation in Thailand Vocational Education and Training (InnoTVET) principles. Targeted at nursing students, the course aims to cultivate entrepreneurial skills while connecting vocational training with healthcare policy development. It aligns with global movements in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), addressing the increasing demand for nurse entrepreneurs who can devise creative healthcare solutions within established policy frameworks. By employing mastery learning techniques alongside design thinking, the course effectively bridges theoretical concepts with practical applications. The mixed-methods study underlines relevant contribution in students’ entrepreneurial mindsets. Results from t-tests reveal the students’ ability to identify opportunities, engage in innovative thinking, and work within policy frameworks. Findings are supported by qualitative data, which demonstrate enhanced confidence, improved problem-solving capacities, and a deeper understanding of healthcare market dynamics. Although expert evaluation of student projects is scheduled for future iterations, the initial outcomes reinforce the course’s success. The course is structured into seven modules spanning 45 hours, featuring active learning components, five business-oriented assignments, and a final innovation project that integrates the curriculum’s core elements. This design ensures students develop both practical expertise and interdisciplinary insights critical to healthcare innovation. The integration of InnoTVET and ISD principles in nursing education sets a precedent for vocational education reform. This example of a successful nursepreneurship initiative provides a scalable model for enhancing vocational programs in diverse fields, fostering innovation and sustainability.