The scientificity and truthfulness of Marxist theory are crucial aspects of our research. To gain a comprehensive understanding, it is essential to examine Marxism within a reference frame and comparative perspective. In this regard, exploring Marx's critique of Proudhonism becomes significant, as it provides insights into the ideological transformations he achieved. Proudhonism, a small bourgeoisie socialism and anarchism that emerged in France in the 1840s and spread across Western Europe in the 1850s-1860s, had intricate connections with Marxism. This analysis not only broadens our research horizon but also holds practical implications for today's society. Thus, our research holds both theoretical and practical significance.

The issue of virtue and happiness holds a crucial position in both Chinese traditional and Western philosophical systems, and to this day, it remains a hot topic of concern and discussion. The "Huainanzi" was written during the early Western Han Dynasty, mainly based on Taoist thoughts, incorporating various schools of thought to form its distinct theoretical system. It can be seen as a culmination of the traditional Chinese pre-Qin perspective on "virtue and happiness" holding significant research value. "Huainanzi" firmly believes that the ideal situation between virtue and happiness is and must be a consistent relationship.

Since 2013, the state has introduced a number of policies to strictly control the number and scale of public hospitals and to control the rapid expansion of public hospitals. After the introduction of this series of policies, the number of public hospitals in China did not continue to grow, but the number of beds in public hospitals continued to grow. This paper uses difference-in-difference (DID) method to analyze the number of public hospitals with the corresponding data of the development of private hospitals after the introduction of the policy, and the results proves that the introduction of relevant policies has an impact on the number of public hospitals, but has a limited impact on the expansion of the scale of public hospitals. At the end of the article, positive policy suggestions are given to the development of hospitals in China, such as controlling the expansion of public hospitals, strictly controlling the number of beds in public hospitals, and vigorously developing private hospitals. Promoting the development of private hospitals is an important economic supplement to China's health care.

This paper studies the patent race problem of communication enterprises investing in communication technologies, and constructs a portfolio optimization model which considers the expected returns, investment risks, and replacement costs, in order to achieve the dual goals of maximizing the net investment income of backward enterprises and minimizing the expected investment risk. Through numerical experimental analysis, the optimal investment portfolio strategy under different risk levels and the impact of different risk levels on the net income of lagging company are obtained. The research results show that due to the backward research in the first stage of the backward enterprises, when their own investment decision-making power is relatively high, they can focus on the development of self-interested key technology areas in order to achieve the victory of the patent race.

The mining issue’s real-world impact is directly linked to the insufficient policing efforts by relevant institutions, potentially affecting the credibility of law enforcement agencies and regional performance. This research project sought to evaluate policing performance related to mining activities in Indonesian regional areas. Using an indexing method, a composite index was developed based on supervision, partnership, and law enforcement aspects. This index functioned as a representation of policing within the mining and quarrying context. The evaluation was carried out in Indonesian provinces with active mining and quarrying operations. The composite index was then juxtaposed with regional gross domestic products to gauge the correlation between policing and regional economic performance. Results revealed that regions heavily reliant on mining for regional GDP, like East Kalimantan, South Sumatera, and Papua, tended to have lower policing indices due to shortcomings in supervision and law enforcement. Conversely, regions with stronger policing indices typically excelled in the supervisory dimension, as seen in Yogyakarta. The study suggests that engaging with communities and increasing the ratio of mine inspectors to mine areas can enhance mining governance and regional competitiveness. Boosting the number of mine inspectors in specific areas can also positively impact overall policing activities within mining regions.