In order to optimize the environmental factors for cucumber growth, a fertilizer and water control system was designed based on the Internet of Things (IoT) system. The IoT system monitors environmental factors such as temperature, light and soil Ec value, and uses image processing to obtain four growth indicators such as cucumber stem height, stem diameter size, number of leaves and number of fruit set to establish a single growth indicator model for temperature, light, soil Ec value and growth stage, and the four growth indicators were fused to obtain the comprehensive growth indicator I_c for cucumber, and calculates its deviation to determine the cucumber growth status. Based on the integrated growth index I_c of cucumber, a soil Ec control model was established to provide the optimal environment and fertilizer ration for cucumber at different growth stages to achieve stable and high yield of cucumber.

This study examines the influence of internal and external locus of control as mediators of financial literacy, financial attitudes, financial beliefs, and financial behavior of students in Timor-Leste. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to collect sample data from students throughout Timor-Leste. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyzes the relationship between financial literacy, financial attitudes, financial beliefs, internal and external locus of control, and financial behavior. The study’s results highlight the mediating role of internal and external locus of control in the relationship between financial literacy, financial attitudes, financial beliefs, and financial behavior of students in Timor-Leste. These findings can provide insight into the complex relationship between these factors in financial decision-making. Practical implications for educational institutions and policymakers in Timor-Leste, namely emphasizing the importance of considering internal and external locus control in financial literacy programs to improve students’ financial behavior. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap about student financial literacy by expanding the understanding of the relationship between these factors.

This research explores the necessity and the effect of job resources for undergraduates’ career satisfaction during work experience in an apprenticeship program. Additionally, we examine the extent to which a supportive environment enhances apprentice career satisfaction by providing access to valuable learning experiences. We propose PLS equation modelling with a sample of 81 students who completed a dual apprenticeship degree in Business Administration and Management at Spanish University. The study finds that all three workplace job resources are necessary for career satisfaction among apprentices. Learning opportunities and social relations have significant effects, while job control contributes only marginally. It highlights that learning opportunities enhance social relations, emphasizing the importance of feedback. The study extends job resource research to university level apprenticeships, showing that without these resources, apprentices lack career satisfaction. It highlights that learning opportunities are crucial for satisfaction through social relations and offers guidance for designing effective workplace training programs.

Judicial control in administrative law has become a necessity in administrations. Given the significant role it plays in confronting illegal activities and preserving property, money and the security of individuals in society. This research aims to introduce judicial in the United Arab Emirates and discuss the relationship between cause and causation.The descriptive analytical approach was used to study the research problem.the research conclude that cause and causation the most important element that enables the judiciary control the legality of the administration’s decisions. It is of great importance safeguards to protect individuals from abuse of administration by informing the person concerned of the reasons for making the decision, since the administration, in exercising its powers, must respect the set of legal rules established for it in the State.the research recommend that the competent authorities to make causation an essential part of the cause and a failure to render administrative decisions null and void in order to ensure transparency and to affirm the rule of law, with the exception of acts of supreme sovereignty, in order to preserve the supreme interest of the State.