The following paper assesses the relationship between electricity consumption, economic growth, environmental pollution, and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) development in Kazakhstan. Using the structural equation method, the study analyzes panel data gathered across various regions of Kazakhstan between 2014 and 2022. The data were sourced from official records of the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan and include all regions of Kazakhstan. The chosen timeframe includes the period from 2014, which marked a significant drop in oil prices that impacted the overall economic situation in the country, to 2022. The main hypotheses of the study relate to the impact of electricity consumption on economic growth, ICT, and environmental sustainability, as well as ICT’s role in economic development and environmental impact. The results show electricity consumption’s positive effect on economic growth and ICT development while also revealing an increase in pollutant emissions (emissions of liquid and gaseous pollutants) with economic growth and electricity consumption. The development of ICT in Kazakhstan has been revealed to not have a direct effect on reducing pollutant emissions into the environment, raising important questions about how technology can be leveraged to mitigate environmental impact, whether current technological advancements are sufficient to address environmental challenges, and what specific measures are needed to enhance the environmental benefits of ICT. There is a clear necessity to integrate sustainable practices and technologies to achieve balanced development. These results offer important insights into the relationships among electricity consumption, technology, economic development, and environmental issues. They underscore the complexity and multidimensionality of these interactions and suggest directions for future research, especially in the context of finding sustainable solutions for balanced development.

In this study, the influence of sewage sludge ash (SSA) waste particle contents on the mechanical properties and interlaminar fracture toughness for mode I and mode II delamination of S-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites was investigated. Composite laminate specimens for tensile, flexural double-cantilever beam (DCB), and end-notched fracture (ENF) tests were prepared and tested according to ASTM standards with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% SSA-filled S-glass/epoxy composites. Property improvement reasons were explained based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. The highest improvement in tensile and flexural strength was obtained with a 10 wt% content of SSA. The highest mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness’s were obtained with 15 wt% content of SSA. The mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness improved by 33% and 63.6%, respectively, compared to the composite without SSA.

Nanoparticle V₂O₅ is prepared by the measurement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The crystallite size = 19.59 nm, optical energy gap = 2.6 eV, an average particle size of 29.58 nm and, RMS roughness of ~6.8 nm. Also, Fourier transformer infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) showed a porous free morphology with homogeneity and uniformity on the sample surface. The film surface exhibited no apparent cracking and, the grains exhibited large nicely separated conical columnar growth combined grains throughout the surface with coalescence of some columnar grains at a few places. The fabrication of a thin film of V₂O₅ NPs/PSi heterojunction photodetector was characterized and investigated.

In order to replace conventional materials in the existing composite world, there has been a focus on adopting coir fibres, which are lightweight, adaptable, efficient, and have great mechanical qualities. This study describes the creation of environmentally responsible bio-composites with good mechanical characteristics that employ coir powder as a reinforcement, which has good interfacial integrity with an epoxy matrix. And these epoxy-coir composites supplemented with coir particles are predicted to function as a reliable substitute for traditional materials used in industrial applications. Here, untreated and alkali-treated coir fibres powder were employed as reinforcement, with epoxy resin serving as a matrix. An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of coir powder reinforcement at different weight percentages (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, and 30 wt%). The morphological study, followed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM), demonstrated that the powder and matrix had the strongest adhesion at 20 wt% coir powder-reinforced composite, with no voids, bubbles, or cracks. Based on the entire investigation, the polymer composite with 20 wt% reinforcement exhibited better mechanical qualities than the other combinations.

This work presents the evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticles obtained from the aqueous extract of Eucalyptus grandis. Twenty-three experiments were carried out where the synthesis of nanoparticles was performed by using the aqueous extract together with salts of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate. A characterization was carried out by IR, TEM and BET, where bands were presented at 3,440.77, 1,559.26 and 445.31 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. A relatively high monodispersity was evidenced with particles around 9 nm. By means of BET analysis it was found to present a surface area of 131.897 m²/g. Obtaining nanoparticles by this green method presents yield values of 98%, with application in nanotechnology, biomedicine, environmental treatment, among others, making them highly versatile and their production cost is relatively low.