With the rapid development of digital technology, the digital infrastructure enables the rapid formation, modification and refactoring of digital products through continuous experimentation and implementation, reduces the cost of innovation, and facilitates the implementation of digital innovation. To solve the problem that the technical scope of digital innovation is relatively concentrated and the knowledge flow between the achievements of digital innovation is insufficient, this study investigates the impact of digital infrastructure on organizational digital innovation in China. The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024 among 384 employees and managers in the core industries of the digital economy, as well as enterprises in traditional industries in China. Data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires adapted from previous literature. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data using SPSS 28 and AMOS 28. The results reveal that both the information infrastructure and the innovation infrastructure have a positive and direct effect on organizational digital innovation in China, as well as an indirect effect through data flows. Converged infrastructure has only an indirect impact on organizational digital innovation through the flow of data.

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are intentionally designed to be easily accessible to many learners, regardless of their academic level or age. MOOCs leverage internet-based technology, allowing anybody with an internet connection to have unrestricted access, regardless of their location or time limitations. MOOCs provide a versatile and easy opportunity for acquiring top-notch education, enabling anyone to learn at their preferred speed, free from limitations of time, cost, or geographical location. Given the advantages they offer, MOOCs are a valuable method for improving the quality and availability of education in Indonesia. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, colleges and institutions have implemented the establishment of digital campuses. One important characteristic of these digital campuses is that they prioritize processes but overlook data and lack standardized standards. The problems and fundamental causes include challenges related to the comprehensive information architecture. The main factor contributing to this challenge is the absence of uniform and well-defined information standards. The existing connectivity and data exchange mechanisms in several schools are poor, leading to substantial data discrepancy among various departments due to the limited content of the fundamental data utilized. Moreover, the absence of clear information about the reliable source of data exacerbates the problem. The main objectives of data governance are to improve data quality, eliminate data inconsistencies, promote extensive data sharing, utilize data aggregation for competitive benefits, supervise data modifications based on data usage patterns, and comply with internal and external regulations and agreed-upon data usage standards. The aim of this project is to create a data governance framework that is customized to the specific conditions in Indonesia, with a specific emphasis on MOOC providers. The researcher chose design science research (DSR) as the research paradigm as it can successfully tackle relevant issues linked to the topic by creating innovative artefacts about the data governance framework for MOOC providers in Indonesia. This research highlights the necessity and significance of implementing a data governance framework for MOOC providers in Indonesia, hence increasing their awareness of this requirement. The researchers incorporated components from the data management body of knowledge (DMBOK) into their data governance framework. This framework includes ten components related to data governance, which are further divided into sub-components within the MOOC providers’ framework.

The ability to take advantage of new digital solutions and technology will give companies a competitive edge, and operational optimization remains a major concern. A significant area of risk is cyber security because software-based technologies are integral to ship operations. Particular emphasis has been placed on the vulnerabilities of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), since it is an essential part of many maritime facilities and hence a target for hackers. Presently, research has shown that increased integration of new enabling technologies, like the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, is driving the dramatic proliferation of cybercrimes. However, most of the attacks are related to ransomware attacks and/or with direct attack to the information technology (IT) and infrastructure. Nevertheless, there is a strong trend toward increased systems integration, which will produce substantial business value by making it easier to operate autonomous vessels, utilizing smart ports more, reducing the need for labour, and improving economic stability and service efficiency. Cybersecurity is becoming more and more important as a result of the quick digital transformation of the offshore and maritime sectors, which has also brought new dangers and laws. The marine sector has started to take cybersecurity seriously in light of the multiple documented instances of cyberattacks that have exposed business or personal data, caused large financial losses, and caused other problems. However, the body of existing research on emerging threats in maritime cyberspace is either inadequate or ignores important variables. Based on the most recent developments in the maritime sector, the article presents a classification of the most serious cyberthreats as well as the risks to cybersecurity in maritime operations and possible mitigation strategies from an educational research perspective.

The privacy of personal information is aimed at protecting human rights both under the international human rights regime and the Saudi Arabian constitution and other statutes and regulations, subject only to some exceptions that include the protection of public health. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about certain challenges that necessitate strategies to augment the conventional surveillance of infectious diseases, contact tracing, isolation, reporting and vaccination. Several governments institutions, and agencies presently adopt mobile applications for collecting, analyzing, managing, and sharing critical personal data of individuals infected with or exposed to COVID-19. While the benefits of sharing private information for achieving public health needs may not be disputed, the risk of breach of personal privacy is enormous. This had forced the national governments into a dilemma of either succumbing to public health needs, strictly respecting and protecting the privacy of individuals, or alternatively, balancing the two conflicting demands. There is a massive body of literature on the security and privacy of such mobile applications, but none has adequately explored and discussed public interest justifications under Saudi Arabian laws for alleged privacy breaches. We examined the health surveillance mobile app technologies currently in use in Saudi Arabia with the aim of determining the potential risks of data breaches under extant data protection laws. The paper recommends, among others, that any potential risk of breach to right to privacy of personal information under the law must be (justified by) the public health needs to protect society during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Taxus cuspidata Sieb. ET. Zucc. is a taxus of Taxaceae, a rare third-order relict species distributed in northeastern China, and a wild endangered plant species protected by national level I. Taxol (paclitaxel, trade name taxol) and cephalomannine (cephalomannine) are all diterpenoids contained in the genus Taxus, with broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity and unique anti-cancer mechanism. In this study, the distribution of paclitaxel and cephalomannine in the leaves of Taxus cuspidata in different parts and different growth stages was discussed. The results showed that the content of two substances in the leaves of the majority of the crowns was lower than that of the biennial and tertiary there were no significant differences in the contents of two substances in the two-year and three-year-old

foliage. There was no significant difference in the contents of the two layers in the three levels of the noodles, and

the content of the male was slightly higher than that of the dark. The content of paclitaxel in the leaves of natural

northeast yew was the highest at dormancy period, and the content of flowering and fruit was not much different. The

content of Cephalotaxin was the highest in dormancy period, and that of cephalosporin the content of paclitaxel and

cephalomannine in each plant were significantly different. There was significant difference between the two plants.

The rapid expansion of smart cities has led to the widespread deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time data collection and urban optimization. However, these interconnected systems face critical cybersecurity risks, including data tampering, unauthorized access, and privacy breaches. This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework designed to enhance the security, integrity, and resilience of IoT data in smart city environments. Leveraging a private blockchain, the system ensures decentralized, tamper-proof data storage, and transaction verification through digital signatures and a lightweight Proof of Work consensus mechanism. Smart contracts are employed to automate access control and respond to anomalies in real time. A Python-based simulation demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness in securing IoT communications. The system supports rapid transaction validation with minimal latency and enables timely detection of anomalous patterns through integrated machine learning. Evaluations show that the framework maintains consistent performance across diverse smart city components such as transportation, healthcare, and building security. These results highlight the potential of the proposed solution to enable secure, scalable, and real-time IoT ecosystems for modern urban infrastructures.