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Jun 15, 2021

Critical success factors for development of public-private-partnership airports in India

Examining the interrelationships between critical success factors (CSFs) is of importance for the successful development of PPP airports. Many studies are available for the identification of CSFs for infrastructure projects, but very limited research have been conducted so far on investigating the interrelationships between the CSFs of PPP airports. The study is based on the institutional theory, which considers the exploration of the relationships between different institutional factors. The results show that Process Characteristics have comparatively more impact on Public Characteristics and, similarly, Cooperative Environment has more impact on Process Characteristics. However, Process Characteristics have a less significant impact on Private Characteristics. The study also revealed that to achieve high-quality services and the protection of public interest under a PPP mechanism, proper government supervision is required. Moreover, customers’ satisfaction and their opinion are also responsible for the achievement of high-quality services and better value for money.

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Jan 27, 2021

Trade policy options for export diversification: The case of Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea

The landlocked and fragile countries’ ability to create a sustainable path to economic growth and poverty reduction is inextricably linked to their export diversification potential, itself related to their connectivity within themselves, in the region, and other external markets. Mali, Chad, and Niger are first challenged by their geography—their landlocked nature with their vast and thinly populated space serves to isolate the most vulnerable communities from external and internal markets. Adding to these geographic disadvantages non-landlocked is incentive environment—defined by high and variable customs common external tariff regimes resulting from multiple overlapping regional trade arrangements—places a wedge between domestic and international prices, provides a disincentive to exports in favor of non-tradable and domestic-oriented sectors. By bringing greater coherence and convergence between the many common external tariff regimes in operation and the rationalization of their structures, and improving connectivity within and between markets, Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea can better promote the reallocation of resources toward tradable goods and services, putting the countries on a path toward greater economic inclusion and sustainable growth.

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Dec 5, 2019

Public-private partnership as remedy for crumbling infrastructure: Is this hope looking for reason?

It has become commonplace to describe publicly provided infrastructure as being in a sorry state and to advance public-private partnership as a possible remedy. This essay adopts a skeptical but not a cynical posture toward those claims. The paper starts by reviewing the comparative properties of markets and politics within a theory of budgeting where the options are construction and maintenance. This analytical point of departure explains how incongruities between political and market action can favor construction over maintenance. In short, political entities can engage in an implicit form of public debt by reducing maintenance spending to support other budgetary items. This implicit form of public debt does not manifest in higher interest rates but rather manifests in crumbling bridges and other infrastructure due to the transfer of maintenance into other budgetary activities.

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May 6, 2025

Functionalization of graphene by intercalation: A theoretical insight

The intercalation of alkali metals in graphene monolayers and bilayers has been studied using first-principles calculations in particular density functional theory. Alkali metals intercalate into graphite, leading to the formation of M-graphene layered materials (with M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs). Intercalated species can modify the very electronic structure of graphene and consequently its electron mobility. Thanks to various experimental studies, it has been

possible to demonstrate that alkali metal intercalation can be used to modify the electronic structure close to the Fermi level of the M-graphene materials and manipulate the carrier mobility and therefore we want to do this also with computational studies. These materials have a wide variety of applications, especially for the development of new batteries and other devices. The first principles are discussed on the effects of the intercalation of a heavy-alkali metal (K) on the electronic structure of graphene monolayers and bilayers.

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Nov 4, 2018

Pathways to project delivery success and failure in Indian road public–private partnership projects

This study examines conditions that impact PPP delivery success or failure in the roadways sector in India using Qualitative Comparative Analysis. QCA is well-suited for problems where multiple factors combine to create pathways leading to an outcome. Past investigations have compared PPP and non-PPP project delivery performance, but this study examines performance within PPPs by uncovering a set of conditions that combine to influence the success or failure road PPP project delivery in India. Based on data from 21 cases, pathways explaining project delivery success or failure were identified. Specifically, PPPs with high concessionaire equity investment and low regional industrial activity led to project delivery success. Projects with lower concessionaire equity investment and low reliance on toll revenue and with either: (a) high project technical complexity or (b) high regional industrial activity, led to project delivery failure. The pathways identified did not have coverage values that they were extremely strong. Coverage strength was hindered by lack of access to information on additional conditions that could be configurationally important. Further, certain characteristics of the Indian market limit generalization. Identification of combinations of conditions leading to PPP project delivery success or failure improves knowledge of the impacts of structure and characteristics of these complex arrangements. This study is one of the first to use fuzzy QCA to understand project delivery success/failure in road PPP projects. Moreover, this study takes into account factors specific to a sector and delivery mode to explain project delivery performance.

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Aug 1, 2017

Regulating local government financing vehicles and public-private partnerships in China

In this paper, we argue that there is much room for China to strengthen its regulatory framework for public-private partnerships (PPPs). We show that infrastructure projects carried out through local government financing vehicles (LGFVs) are largely unregulated PPPs, and significant fiscal risks have already manifested themselves. While PPPs can potentially provide efficiency gains, they can also be used by governments to circumvent budgetary borrowing constraints. Therefore, effective PPP regulation is key to delivering PPPs’ benefits while containing their potential fiscal risks. The authorities have taken concrete steps in order to establish a sound regulatory framework and foster a new generation of PPPs. However, to make the framework effective, we highlight a few issues to be resolved. Based on international best practice, we propose a four-pillar regulatory framework for China, which could be implemented gradually in three stages.

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