The new oil derivatives transportation scheme proposed by the 2013 Mexican Energy Reform allowed new participants to enter the sector. The new legal framework requires fulfilling many requirements and corresponding duties for the transportation of oil products. The Mexican government already has an institution dedicated to measuring the regulatory cost of each federal procedure. This work aims to quantify the regulatory costs associated with the procedures and their compliance to obtain permits for transporting oil products by truck. We use the standard cost method to measure these costs, considering all associated costs. The results showed that two government offices did not adequately measure these costs. They did not consider relevant information on frequency and opportunity costs, resulting in undervaluation and leading to wrong expectations. As a result of this research, we provide a more accurate way of estimating these costs, which brings greater certainty in the budgeting of these projects and, therefore, increases the probability of survival and success.

Nigeria’s palm oil processing industry poses significant environmental pollution risks, jeopardizing the country’s ability to meet the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Traditional processing methods generate palm oil mill effluent (POME), contaminating soil and shallow wells. This study investigated water samples from five locations (Edo, Akwa-Ibom, Cross River, Delta, and Imo states) with high effluent release. While some parameters met international and national standards (WHO guidelines, ASCE, NIS, and NSDWQ) others exceeded acceptable limits, detrimental to improved water quality. Results showed, pH values within acceptable ranges (6.5–8.5), high total conductivity and salinity (800–1150 µS/cm), acceptable hardness values (200–300 mg/L), nitrite concentrations (10–45 mg/L), excessive magnesium absorption (> 50 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) indicating significant pollution (75–290 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeding safe limits in four locations, total solids (TS) exceeding allowable limits for drinking water (310–845 mg/L), water quality index (WQI) values ranged from “poor” to “very poor”. POME contamination by metals like magnesium, nitrite, chloride, and sodium compromised shallow well water quality. Correlation analysis confirmed robust results, indicating strong positive correlations between conductivity and TDS (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and pH and total hardness (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). The study emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly palm oil processing methods to mitigate pollution, ensure safe drinking water, and achieve Nigeria’s SDGs. Implementation of sustainable practices is crucial to protect public health and the environment.

The objectives achieved in the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels have caused, in recent years, a growing importance on sustainability in companies in order to reduce Environmental, social and economic impacts. This study is focused on understanding how the variation in West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices affects the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, and therefore the companies included in it, and vice versa. The research aims to examine the statistical properties of both indices, using fractional integration methods, the fractional cointegration vector autoregressive (FCVAR) approach and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique. The results warn of a change in trend, with the application of extraordinary measures being necessary to return to the original trend, while the analysis of cointegration and wavelet analysis measures reflect that an increase in those adopted based on sustainability by the different companies that make up the index imply a drop in the price of crude oil.

The provided material presents a priority article on the scientific discovery titled “The phenomenon of simultaneous destruction of water-oil and oil-water emulsions”. The authors propose the corresponding formula: the previously unknown phenomenon of simultaneous destruction of water-oil and oil-water emulsions occurs when polynanostructured surfactant demulsifiers with characteristics akin to crystalline liquids, intramolecular interblock activity, and enduring intramolecular nanomotors (such as block copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides, which act as sources of oligomer homologues of oxyethylene ethers) are added to crude oil during primary oil processing. This phenomenon is attributed to the redistribution of oligomer homologues, with the most hydrophobic oxyethylene ethers being dispersed in water-oil emulsions and the most hydrophilic ones in oil-water emulsions, resulting in robust nanodispersed phases with crystalline liquid properties.

In order to optimize the environmental factors for cucumber growth, a fertilizer and water control system was designed based on the Internet of Things (IoT) system. The IoT system monitors environmental factors such as temperature, light and soil Ec value, and uses image processing to obtain four growth indicators such as cucumber stem height, stem diameter size, number of leaves and number of fruit set to establish a single growth indicator model for temperature, light, soil Ec value and growth stage, and the four growth indicators were fused to obtain the comprehensive growth indicator I_c for cucumber, and calculates its deviation to determine the cucumber growth status. Based on the integrated growth index I_c of cucumber, a soil Ec control model was established to provide the optimal environment and fertilizer ration for cucumber at different growth stages to achieve stable and high yield of cucumber.

Nowadays, more and more cars have begun to enter into innumerable families; the family car has become a necessity for Chinese households who have certain purchasing power. However, the ups and downs of oil prices have brought some impact on people's automobile consumption activities. Therefore, after collecting the information of the oil price and family car consumer, carried on through in-depth analysis of the relevant data with reasonable relationship, and then developed a suitable for China's national conditions and finished oil pricing model, thereby the National Development and Reform Commission have proposed the suggestion for China's refined oil pricing mechanisms and promoting the healthy development of new energy vehicles with specific measures. For question 1, through the problem analysis and information access, combined with the past and current situation of the domestic refined oil prices, we analyze the following seven factors: international crude oil prices, China's annual crude oil imports, China's annual crude oil exports, crude oil output in China, China's annual GDP per capita, China's annual consumption of crude oil, the total annual energy consumption in China, all have influence on China's refined oil prices. By monadic linear regression analysis, annual average prices of domestic refined oil products have a certain correlation with the various influencing factors, and then by multiple linear regression way eventually concluded the final relationship between oil prices and the influence factors, which compared with the current price, and make reasonable evaluation model. Through the establishment of various influencing factors and function of time, and using the evaluation model for refined oil product price to make reasonable forecast. According to this model, in order to predict refined oil product price as $122.15 per barrel in 2016. For question two, we basically sums up three key factor which influence the quantity of family vehicle: China's oil product prices, the annual GDP per capita, total road mileage. Through Excel to make the relationship curves of different quantity of family cars against influencing factors, and use Grey Forecasting method to forecast the quantity of family cars. And carries on the residual error test, it is used to conclude that the rationality of the model is highly. The number of private cars of the city of xi 'an is predicts that to 8.302 million vehicles by 2020. For question three, we discussed the relationship between international crude oil prices and domestic exports of crude oil export with domestic refined oil prices, through its multiple linear regressions to get the final pricing model. For question four, according to three previous established models, we proposed China's refined oil pricing mechanism proposal to the national development and Reform Commission: perfect price controls, deeper product market, and integration of resources consideration and environmental protection class tax types, adjust the consumption tax collection and Administration links, and improve the production cost accounting.