This paper models 54,559 Chinese news items about education industry and scientific industry by machine learning during the COVID-19 epidemic to build China’s increased scientific research policy (ISRP) index. The result of interrupted time series analysis indicates that, the ISRP has an emphatic positive causality on the education industry advancement and promotes the development of the education industry. The ISRP also has a remarkable positive causality on the development of the scientific industry. Moreover, the result of causal network indicates that, a virtuous circle within the ISRP, the education industry and the scientific industry has been formed, which has promoted the sustainable development of the education chain.
The Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) industry is pivotal to Europe’s goals for energy efficiency, sustainability, and technological advancement. As demand for skilled HVAC&R professionals rises, the effectiveness of educational programs in this field has become a focal point. This article explores the Portuguese case to analyze how pedagogical strategies and student motivation contribute to the quality of HVAC&R training across Europe. The study highlights innovative teaching methodologies such as active and competency-based learning, as well as the use of laboratory training and digital simulations to provide hands-on experience. Additionally, it emphasizes Bloom’s Taxonomy as a framework for curriculum development, ensuring that students advance from foundational knowledge to complex problem-solving abilities. Motivation is also identified as a critical factor for student engagement and long-term career commitment. The article concludes that a balanced integration of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and motivational support is essential for producing highly qualified HVAC&R professionals. This approach not only meets current industry needs but also aligns with Europe’s broader environmental and technological objectives, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders.
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