Europium (Eu) doped Calcium borophosphate (CBP) phosphors were synthesized via the solid-state diffusion method. The prepared Europium (Eu) doped Calcium borophosphate (CBP) powder was heated up to 600 ℃ for 6 h for a complete diffusion of ions in the powder system. XRD results showed that the prepared phosphors exhibit a well-crystallized hexagonal phase. The complete diffusion inside the CBP/Eu powder system has been confirmed by the presence of elements such as P, O, Bi, Ca, C, Eu, and B. Apart from that, the synthesized powder system has shown a down-conversion property where the Eu³⁺-activated ion was excited at 251 nm. Under the excitation of 251 nm, CBP/Eu phosphor showed intense emissions peaking at 591,617, and 693 nm due to the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁, ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂, and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₄ transition of Eu³⁺ ions. The obtained results suggest that the CBP/Eu phosphors have the potential for spectral response coating materials to improve photovoltaic (PV) panel efficiency.

Attempts were made in the present study to design and develop skeletally modified ether linked tetraglycidyl epoxy resin (TGBAPSB), which is subsequently reinforced with different weight percentages of amine functionalized mullite fiber (F-MF). The F-MF was synthesized by reacting mullite fiber with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as coupling agent and the F-MF structure was confirmed by FT-IR. TGBAPSB reinforced with F-MF formulation was cured with 4,4’-diamino diphenyl methane (DDM) to obtain nanocomposite. The surface morphology of TGBAPSB-F-MF epoxy nanocomposites was investigated by XRD, SEM and AFM studies. From the study, it follows that these nanocomposite materials offer enhancement in mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, dielectric properties compared to neat (TGBAPSB) epoxy matrix. Hence we recommend these nanocomposites for a possible use in advanced engineering applications that require both toughness and stiffness.

The agronomic use of mushroom post-harvest substrates (SPCHs) in horticultural seedbeds could be an interesting alternative for the reuse of these wastes in line with the European circular economy strategy. This work evaluates the potential use of four treatments with different SPCHs, mushroom (-Ch), mushroom (-St), mushroom compost (-CO), and a mixture (SPCH-Ch and SPCH-St) as substrates for lettuce and chili pepper seed germination. The trial was carried out in a germination chamber using commercial compost as a control treatment. The evaluation was based on its chemical (salinity, N and C content), physical (bulk and real density, porosity and water retention) and plant effect (germination and biomass) characteristics. Of the chemical properties studied, the high salinity in SPCH-Ch and SPCH-CO was a limiting factor for the development of the horticultural species evaluated (electrical conductivity 1:2.5; p/v; ~11 dS m^-1), and low germination percentages were observed. Regarding physical properties, porosity and water retention, the SPCH-CO, SPCH-St and mixture treatments presented some values outside the optimal range established for germination substrates. In the case of SPCH-St, its high C/N ratio could be a limitation for supplying N to the crop. In relation to biomass production (aerial and root) of lettuce and chili pepper, all the treatments evaluated obtained similar values to the control treatment. The mixed treatment presented the highest biomass values, significantly higher in the lettuce crop. In general, the mixed treatment proved to be the best alternative for use in the seedbed.

The electrospinning precursor solution was prepared by dissolving polyvinyl pyrrolidone as template, tetrabutyl titanate as titanium source, and acetic acid as inhibitor. The TiO₂ nanofilms were prepared by precursor solution electrospinning and subsequent calcination. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize and analyze the samples. The influence of technological parameters on spinning fiber morphology was also studied. The results indicate that the TiO₂ nanofibers morphology is good when the parameters are as follows: voltage 1.4×10⁴ V，spinning distance 0.2 m，translational velocity 2.5×10^-3 m·s^-1, flow rate 3×10^-4 m·s^-1, and needle diameter 3×10^-4 m. The diameter of the fibers is about 150 nm. With the 1×10^-4 mol·L^-1 methylene blue solution used as simulated degradation target, the degradation rate is 95.8% after 180 minutes.

The regularity and variability of the composition distribution of the pyrolysis products of corn stover fermentation residue and phenolic resin with the pyrolysis temperature were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and lyser-gas/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS). The results show that toluene, phenol and methyl phenol are the main common components of the two systems, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, alkoxy compounds and a small amount of carboxylic acid are the unique components in the pyrolysis products of corn straw fermentation residue, while dimethyl phenol, 9H-xanthene and other components in the phenolic. This is a reflection of the differences in the composition and structure of the two raw materials.