The spiritual dimensions contained in New Quality Productive Forces are not only the core driving force for its vigorous development but also the key to leading it towards high-quality development. These spiritual dimensions include the scientific spirit of daring to innovate and continuous exploration, the fighting spirit of being unyielding and enterprising in the face of challenges, the collaborative spirit of being innovative and entrepreneurial in the face of challenges, and the spiritual spirit of being a good teacher. These spiritual dimensions include the scientific spirit of daring to innovate and continuous exploration, the fighting spirit of being unyielding and enterprising in the face of challenges, the collaborative spirit of advocating These spiritual dimensions include the scientific spirit of daring to innovate and continuous exploration, the fighting spirit of being unyielding and enterprising in the face of challenges, the collaborative spirit of advocating cross-disciplinary cooperation and open sharing, and the dedication of serving society and benefiting humanity. the concept of green development ensures that New Quality Productive Forces, while pursuing economic benefits, is also committed to achieving These spiritual dimensions are interwoven and complement each other, jointly constructing the spiritual core of New Quality Productive Forces. These spiritual dimensions are interwoven and complement each other, jointly constructing the spiritual core of New Quality Productive Forces and injecting it with profound moral depth and a continuous source of development momentum.

The objective of the research is twofold. The study examines the role of public finance in promoting sustainable development in SSA. Secondly, the study investigates the optimal level of public finance beyond which public finance crowds out investment and hinders sustainable development in SSA. The study adopts a battery of econometric techniques such as the traditional ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique, Driscoll-Kraay covariance matrix estimator, and the dynamic panel threshold model. The study found that an increase in public debts lead to a decline in sustainable development. In contrast, the results show that increase in spending on health and education, and tax can engender sustainable development in SSA. Further, we uncover the optimal levels of public spending on health and education, and public debts that engenders sustainable development in SSA. One main implication of the findings is that governments across SSA needs to reduce public debts levels and increase public spending on health and education to within the threshold levels established in this study to aid sustainable development in SSA.

From the rich results generated by the combination of psychology and education in universities, it can be seen that the experimental education school that emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century was a purely empirical spirit influenced experimental behavior in education and teaching; He pioneered a scientific educational experimental model, which is a milestone in the development history of education. It first introduces scientific experimental models into educational experiments through psychology, thereby promoting the development of educational experiments towards a scientific and standardized direction. This educational experiment of positivism paradigm, which evolved from the experimental research of psychology, is also the research paradigm advocated by psychological education in colleges and universities after the combination of college psychology and scientific education.

This study examines the relationship between Russian FDI carried out by large MNCs and investment development path (IDP). Although statistical analysis does not establish a significant relationship between outward FDI and GDP, the behavior of Russian outward FDI contradicts traditional models. Two primary factors contribute to this paradox. First, the complex business environment in Russia, characterized by a combination of both improvements and contradictions, has a significant impact on outward FDI behavior. Secondly, the duality of the Russian economy and society plays a decisive role. This segment resembles a high-income country with ample resources, while most face lower income levels, raising concerns about wealth distribution. Historical factors, including Russia’s transition from a state-controlled to a market-oriented economy, contribute to the internationalization of Russian MNCs. Both state-owned enterprises and privatized firms are influenced by the state, although to varying degrees. Government involvement in international business strategies increases the knowledge and experience of Russian MNCs, but also raises concerns about political influence.

In order to create the possibility of economic breakthrough development, remove economic institutional bottlenecks, release resources, and develop the economy quickly and sustainably in Vietnam in the coming time, it is impossible not to mention solutions to improve the quality, create breakthroughs in training and fostering talents. This is one of the important solutions in the context that the Party and State require the application and development of science and technology more and more extensively in all fields and all sectors in Vietnam. The article focuses on researching the the political basis, legal basis, and practical basis for training, fostering, attracting and employing talents in Vietnam. Meanwhile, statistics on undergraduate and postgraduate training in the period of 2016–2022, the training level of the workforce and the Global Talent Competitiveness Index show that Vietnam has not achieved many positive changes in training, fostering, attracting and employing talents as expected. The article is approached from many different aspects, including the perspective of leaders and managers at the head of state agencies, the perspective of businesses and the perspective of the university teaching staff and scientific research workers themselves. On that basis, the article points out the key contents that need addressing so as to build solutions to improve quality, create breakthroughs in training, fostering, attracting and employing talents in Vietnam in the context of international integration and science and technology development. The main contributions of the article focus on the identification of the concept of “talent”, the criteria for determining “talent” and the renewal of awareness of policies and laws on training, fostering, attracting, employing, introducing and recommending talents.