The global Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) service market is experiencing significant growth, driven by rising demand for high-quality and safety-related TIC services across various industries. This research aims to redesign a position map and strategy for Indonesian TIC State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Red Ocean competition. This systematic literature review analyzed 17 journals. The results show that the Indonesian TIC SOEs are intensively competing in the Red Ocean competition. In designing the position map in the Red Ocean competition, the SOEs must use technology in their operational activities to implement good corporate governance, collaborative strategies, resource management, and leadership styles aligned with the organizational culture.

This research aims to examine in more depth the changes resulting from the Job Creation Law, which impact the level of business friendliness in Indonesia, and how to analyze these changes to improve the business environment to be more conducive to carrying out business activities. This research uses normative legal research methods and is analytical descriptive research. There have been several changes since the emergence of the Job Creation Law, such as the establishment of a limited liability company. Changes to the Job Creation Law could improve the Indonesian economy. However, juridically, this regulation gives authority to the central government to manage micro and small businesses, contrary to the principle of decentralization, which prioritizes the provision of resources to local governments.

This article emphasizes the importance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in driving economic growth. SMEs are labour-intensive and agile, creating more jobs, while large companies are capital-intensive and rely on technology, having more resources for research and development. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, SMEs contribute significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and job opportunities, while large companies dominate specific sectors. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach using an extensive literature review to summarize the current literature, highlight the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in GCC, and highlight the importance of large companies in developing local citizens. Policy-makers must consider these differences to integrate these dynamic changes for effective support policies. This study examines the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in the GCC region, providing recommendations to support large businesses. It addresses challenges and opportunities related to employment, household earnings, economic output, and value addition. Promoting the economic impact of SMEs and large companies can lead to sustainable economic growth and development in the GCC region. Also, this article pointed out the importance of large companies and their economic impact in the GCC region; policy recommendations will help the governing bodies in decision-making towards promoting sustainable economic growth.

With its inherent characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and transparency, blockchain technology presents a promising opportunity to revolutionize the South African food supply chains. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and secure nature, offers solutions to these challenges by improving traceability and accountability across the supply chain. This study investigates the role of blockchain technology in enhancing transparency in the food supply chain among small and medium enterprises in South Africa. SMEs form a critical part of the country’s agri-food sector but face challenges such as food fraud, inefficient inventory management, and lack of transparency, which impact food safety and trust. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment framework and Institutional Theory to explain blockchain adoption among SMEs. The results demonstrate that blockchain-enabled practices, such as smart contracts, records traceability, production tracking, and distribution monitoring, significantly enhance supply chain transparency. The findings highlight blockchain’s potential to increase operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder trust. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing the need for regulatory support and strategic investment in blockchain solutions to promote sustainability and competitiveness in the agri-food sector.

In the evolving landscape of the 21st century, universities are at the forefront of re-imagining their infrastructural identity. This conceptual paper delves into the transformative shifts witnessed within university infrastructure, focusing on the harmonisation of tangible physical assets and the expanding world of digital evolution. As brick-and-mortar structures remain pivotal, integrating digital platforms rapidly redefines the academic landscape, optimising learning and administrative experiences. The modern learning paradigm, enriched by this symbiotic relationship, offers dynamic, flexible, and comprehensive educational encounters, thereby transcending traditional spatial and temporal constraints. Therefore, this paper accentuates the broader implications of this infrastructural metamorphosis, particularly its significant role in driving economic development. The synergistic effects of physical and digital infrastructures enhance academic excellence and position universities as key players in addressing and navigating global challenges, setting forth a resilient and forward-looking educational blueprint for the future. In conclusion, integrating physical and digital infrastructures within universities heralds a transformative era, shaping a holistic, adaptable, and enriched academic environment poised to meet 21st-century challenges. This study illuminates the symbiotic relationship between tangible university assets and digital innovations, offering insights into their collective impact on modern education and broader economic trajectories.