During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals and their families faced various risk factors, which in some cases resulted in divorce. Adolescents in such families had to grapple with COVID-19 across the world, the risk factors faced by adolescents have largely been under-risk factors associated with COVID-19 and divorce. Despite the rise of divorce during studied, especially among adolescents in South Africa. This study aimed to explore the risk factors experienced by adolescents from divorced households during the COVID-19 pandemic and make recommendations for policy and development. This study employed a phenomenological research design in alignment with qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used to recruit five female adolescents in Johannesburg. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Data was analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six steps of data analysis. The findings revealed that conflict at home, mental illness, physical and social isolation, a lack of paternal support, and diminished educational performance emerged as risk factors faced by the participants. These findings underscore the need for psychological interventions to help address the risk factors faced by adolescents whose parents divorced during the pandemic and those who face similar circumstances during future crises.

The educational-instructional process, specific to the preschool age of 4–5 years, is oriented towards the formation of children’s motor and cognitive skills. As part of physical activities in preschool education, various exercises are performed to strengthen motor and verbal responses. Light physical exercises and movement games are used to improve motor skills and verbal ability. The present research was carried out on a group of 20 preschoolers, using an experimental methodology, with the help of One-Group Pre-test and Post Test Design. Based on the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the motor skills evaluation tests and the cognitive skills evaluation tests, the value p < 0.001 indicates a positive statistical significance between the pre-test and the post-test. The values of Cohen’s D coefficient by which the effect size was evaluated indicate its great influence (D = 0.893). In conclusion, the differences between the pre-test and post-test values show significant progress, which underlines the effectiveness of the intervention aimed at improving motor and cognitive skills in preschoolers.

The issue of policy changes to support teacher professional development is an important factor shaping the career trajectory, efficacy, and ultimately the success of Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) instructors and the performance of the secondary students they serve and whose lives they affect. Although a rich body of research associated with policies regarding teacher preparation and professional development exists, a more closely related area of research focused specifically on the policies regarding preparation and professional development of JROTC instructors is limited. This lack of research presents a unique opportunity to explore the experiences of JROTC instructors and their perspectives on policies affecting teacher preparation and professional development. This qualitative exploratory single-case study can help to advance understanding of the complexities and nuances of teacher preparation and professional development policies supporting the JROTC instructors serving in high schools across the United States and overseas. One-on-one interviews with 14 JROTC personnel who had completed required teacher preparation requirements and professional development initiatives were conducted. Data analysis revealed 11 themes. Recommendations for improving policies concerning JROTC instructor preparation and professional development, including placing greater emphasis on the unique requirements, as well as suggestions for future research, are provided.

This article addresses the complex challenge of defining the concept and principles of juvenile justice within the realm of legal science: juvenile justice is a specialized legal framework that focuses on addressing legal issues involving minors, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment. The article explores the evolution of juvenile justice, examining its theoretical foundations, legislative developments, and practical applications across different legal systems. By dissecting various definitions and principles proposed by scholars and practitioners, this article aims to clarify the core components of juvenile justice and propose a coherent conceptual framework. This article seeks to analyze and elucidate the concept and principles of juvenile justice by examining its historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and current practices. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and comparative analysis of various legal systems, the article seeks to provide a robust framework for understanding juvenile justice, to offer clarity on “juvenile justice” definition and principles, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of juvenile justice systems and contributing to more informed policy-making and legal reform. The analysis underscores the importance of protecting minors’ rights while balancing the interests of society, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of juvenile justice in contemporary legal discourse. Based on the research, it is suggested to define juvenile justice as a comprehensive system of legal norms and institutions, state and other bodies that protect the rights of minors, as well as a complex of preventive and other measures in this area.

Consumers’ interest in green consumption has increased rapidly in recent years with heightening concerns for environmental, social, and health risks. However, increased concerns and interest of consumers may not translate to their behavioral outcome which may be attributed to socio-economic and consumers’ internal stimuli. Furthermore, contextual differences in the marketplace may influence how consumers form their green attitudes and behavior. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of consumers’ intrinsic traits such as consumers’ personal values, their self-motivation for sustainable consumption (i.e., perceived consumer effectiveness), green skepticism, and environmental involvement in their green attitude and behavior, and to see if the country-specific contextual condition may influence consumers’ behavior. In addition, price sensitivity and environmental protection emotions are considered moderating constructs to explain the gap between green attitude and green behavior. Findings from this study provide insights into understanding Chinese and Singaporean consumers’ green behavior which is driven by their intrinsic traits and by extrinsic conditions. This understanding can help companies to develop effective green marketing communication strategies and to enhance consumer engagement in sustainable activities and consumption.