This research aims to identify the development of research theme trends that were carried out from 1999 to 2024. Thus, the study’s results can provide recommendations regarding research themes that can be developed to meet theoretical and practical needs. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to obtain the appropriate analysis. This analysis method can be developed to support the dynamic development of public health science with settings and researchers from developing countries, both through quantitative and qualitative interpretation. The analysis results show that over 25 years, public health science, from the perspective of researchers and developing countries, has experienced dynamic development. This change was driven by the emergence of various issues in society itself. For example, the 1999–2009 shows that lifestyle changes have resulted in multiple diseases. In the following period, the concept of sustainability emerged, which encouraged awareness of sustainable development and resource scarcity that would affect public health quality. As for the 2020–2024 period, the emergence of Covid 19 changed the previous research paradigm.

In the last several decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a major hazard to human life and health. Conventional formulations for the treatment of CVD are available, but they are far from ideal because of poor water solubility, limited biological activity, non-targeting, and drug resistance. With the advancement of nanotechnology, a novel drug delivery approach for the treatment of CVDs has emerged: nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs). NDDSs have shown significant advantages in tackling the difficulties listed above. Cytotoxicity is a difficulty with the use of non-destructive DNA sequences. NDDS categories and targeted tactics were outlined, as well as current research advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. It’s possible that gene therapy might be included into nano-carriers in the delivery of cardiovascular medications in the future. In addition, the evaluation addressed the drug’s safety.

The importance of improving industrial transformation processes for more efficient ones is part of the current challenges. Specifically, the development of more efficient processes in the production of biofuels, where the reaction and separation processes can be intensified, is of great interest to reduce the energy consumption associated with the process. In the case of Biodiesel, the process is defined by a chemical reaction and by the components associated to the process, where the thermochemical study seeks to develop calculations for the subsequent understanding of the reaction and purification process. Thus, the analysis of the mixture of the components using the process simulator Aspen Plus V9^® unravels the thermochemical study. The UNIFAC-DMD thermodynamic method was used to estimate the binary equilibrium parameters of the reagents using the simulator. The analyzed aspects present the behavior of the components in different temperature conditions, the azeotropic behavior and the determined thermochemical conditions.

The porous carbon/Ni nanoparticle composite was prepared by a freeze-drying method using NaCl as the template. It was applied in the effect of the concentration, adsorption time, and temperature of adsorption on the adsorption behavior. The kinetic model and the adsorption isothermic fitting results show that the adsorption behavior fits with the pseudo-secondary dynamics and the Langmuir isothermal model, indicating that the adsorption process is monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic results indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous physicochemical adsorption. The fitting showed that the porous carbon/Ni nanoparticle composites reach 217.17 mg·g^-1, at 313 K indicates good adsorption for Congo red.

Every production day in Nigeria, and in other oil producing countries, millions of barrels of produced water is generated. Being very toxic, remediation of the produced water before discharge into environment or re-use is very essential. An eco-friendly and cost effective approach is hereby reported for remediative pre-treatment of produced water (PW) obtained from Nigerian oilfield. In this approach, Telfairia occidentalis stem extract-silver nanoparticles (TOSE-AgNPs) were synthesized, characterized and applied as bio-based adsorbent for treating the PW in situ. The nanoparticles were of average size 42.8 nm ± 5.3 nm, spherical to round shaped and mainly composed of nitrogen and oxygen as major atoms on the surface. Owing to the effect of addition of TOSE-AgNPs, the initially high levels (mg/L) of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and TSS of 607, 3.78 and 48.4 in the PW were reduced to 381, 1.22 and 19.6, respectively, whereas DO and COD improved from 161 and 48.4 to 276 and 19.6 respectively, most of which fell within WHO and US-EPA safe limits. Particularly, the added TOSE-AgNPs efficiently removed Pb (II) ions from the PW at temperatures between 25 ℃ to 50 ℃. Removal of TOSE-AgNPs occurred through the adsorption mechanism and was dependent contact time, temperature and dose of TOSE-AgNPs added. Optimal remediation was achieved with 0.5 g/L TOSE-AgNPs at 30 ℃ after 5 h contact time. Adsorption of Pb (Ⅱ) ions on TOSE-AgNPs was spontaneous and physical in nature with remediation efficiency of over 82% of the Pb (Ⅱ) ions in solution. Instead of discarding the stem of Telfairia occidentalis, it can be extracted and prepared into a new material and applied in the oilfield as reported here for the first time.

Based on the characteristics of liquid lens sparse aperture imaging, a radiative multiplet array structure is proposed; a simplified model of sparse aperture imaging is given, and the analytical expression of the modulation transfer function is derived from the optical pupil function of the multiplet array structure; the specific distribution form of this multiplet array structure is given, and the structure parameters are approximated by the dimensionless method; the two types of radiative multiplet array structures are discussed, and the filling factor, redundancy, modulation transfer function and other characteristic parameters are calculated. The physical phenomena exhibited by the parametric scan are discussed, and the structural features and imaging characteristics of these two arrays are compared. The results show that the type-II structure with larger actual equivalent aperture and actual cutoff frequency and lower redundancy is selected when the average modulation transfer function and the IF characteristics of the modulation transfer function of the two structures are close to each other; the type-II structure has certain advantages in imaging; the conclusion is suitable for arbitrary enclosing circle size because the liquid lens-based multiplet array structure adopts dimensionless approximation parameters; compared with the composite toroidal structure, the radiative multiplet mirror structure has a larger actual cut-off frequency and actual equivalent aperture when the filling factor is the same.