A numerical investigation utilizing water as the working fluid was conducted on a 2D closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) using the CFD software AnsysFluent19.0. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation explores three instances where there is a consistent input of heat flux in the evaporator region, but the temperatures in the condenser region differ across the cases. In each case, the condenser temperatures are set at 10 ℃, 20 ℃, and 30 ℃ respectively. The transient simulation is conducted with uniform time steps of 10 s. Generally, the heat rejection medium operated at a lower temperature performs better than at a higher temperature. In this CFD study the thermal resistances gets decreased with the decreasing value of condenser temperatures and the deviation of 35.31% of thermal resistance gets decreased with the condenser region operated at the temperature of 10 ℃.

This study evaluates the influence of quality certificates on sustainable food production in Poland, considering economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Analyzing 25 different certificates, the research explores their criteria, procedures, and costs across various food product categories, including meat, fish, and plant-based products. The study provides a detailed review of certification processes, from initiation to audits and inspections. It identifies both commonalities and differences among certificates, each addressing unique aspects such as environmental impact, worker rights, and product origins. Despite the diversity in standards and procedures, the study underscores the need for standardized international criteria to improve transparency and meet consumer expectations, highlighting the significant role of quality certificates in advancing sustainable food production.

Modernizing the Internet of Things in Islamic boarding schools is essential to eliminate backwardness and skills gaps. Santri must have cognitive, affective, psychomotor, and creative intelligence to be ready to enter the industrial and business world. The students' need for information transparency can be resolved using technology. This is because the empowerment of the Internet of Things has become a separate part of Islamic boarding school activities with students who can connect in real-time. This research aims to analyze current conditions and stakeholder involvement regarding the application of the Internet of Things in innovative Islamic boarding school services in the era of disruption. The Descriptive Method and Individual Interest Matrix Analysis were used by involving 130 respondents from the internal environment of the Daarul Rahman Islamic boarding school and completing the questionnaire through FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with the leaders of the Daarul Rahman Islamic boarding school. The results show that the current condition of Islamic boarding schools is that most need to learn or understand IoT, even though they are enthusiastic about learning new things and flexible in accepting change. The challenges required in implementing IoT are financial investment, increasing human resources through training, and synergy between Islamic boarding school policy makers. Mutually supportive and solid conditions are required between foundations, school principals, and school committees to implement IoT at Daarul Rahman Islamic Boarding School. Collaboration with various parties is needed because the implementation of IoT cannot be done alone by Islamic boarding schools but with the support of various related parties.