Adolescent childbearing is a crucial problem challenging policymakers in sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of this study is to show how teenage pregnancy and motherhood is related to social determinants like place of residence, education level and wealth quintiles, and consequently to suggest pragmatic actions susceptible to control the burden of teenage pregnancy. Disaggregated data were analyzed using data covering the decade 2012–2022 and provided by Demographic Health Surveys. In each country considered, the index of dissimilarity (ID) was computed to illustrate the variation of teenage pregnancy and motherhood according to the level of education, the rural-urban residence and the income quintiles. Recent statistics were also used for a comparison between countries. This study showed that childbearing affected 22.7% of African adolescents (15–19 years). However, the rate of adolescent childbearing varied from 40.4% in Nigeria to 5.2% in Ruanda. Moreover, huge differences were found in each country. Teenage girls living in rural areas, illiterate or with low level of education and suffering from poverty are more likely to be early married and to be exposed to pregnancy. The rate of adolescent childbearing is higher in Sub-Saharan African countries compared with countries from Latin America and World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean. Most of the 31 countries considered in this study suffer from high rate of adolescent childbearing and large iniquities by place of residence and/or education level and/or wealth quintiles. Consequently, policymakers should adopt urgent and efficient strategies to reduce (and ideally to end) early marriage and teenage pregnancy by developing a policy that targets disadvantaged girls living in remote areas, having low or no decent income and suffering from illiteracy or low level of education.

To achieve the energy transition and carbon neutrality targets, governments have implemented multiple policies to incentivize electricity suppliers to invest in renewable energy. Considering different government policies, we construct a renewable energy supply chain consisting of electricity suppliers and electricity retailers. We then explore the impact of four policies on electricity suppliers’ renewable energy investments, environmental impacts, and social welfare. We validated the results based on data from Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. The results show that government subsidy policies are more effective in promoting electricity suppliers to invest in renewable energy as consumer preferences increase, while no-government policies are the least effective. We also show that electricity suppliers are most profitable under the government subsidy policy and least profitable under the carbon cap-and-trade policy. Besides, our results indicate that social welfare is the worst under the carbon cap-and-trade policy. With the increase in carbon intensity and renewable energy quota, social welfare is the highest under the subsidy policy. However, the social welfare under the renewable energy portfolio standard is optimal when the renewable energy quota is low.

This research aimed to investigate the role of humanizing leadership in enhancing the effectiveness of change management strategies within organizations. Specifically, it focused on how humanizing leadership influences change outcomes and the extent to which organizational culture moderates this relationship. The study addressed critical questions regarding the impact of leadership behaviors, such as model vulnerability, emotional intelligence, open communication, and psychological safety on effective change management and employee performance. A quantitative approach was employed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenomena. Quantitative data were collected from a sample of 325 employees through surveys that measured perceptions of Humanizing leadership behaviors, organizational culture, and change outcomes. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 26.0. The findings revealed that humanizing leadership behaviors significantly enhances the success of change initiatives, primarily through improved employee engagement and reduced resistance. Organizational culture was found to play a moderating role, amplifying the positive effects of empathetic and inclusive leadership practices. The study provides actionable recommendations for organizational leaders and managers to foster a culture that supports humanizing leadership. By adopting leadership strategies that emphasize vulnerability, empathy, and inclusivity, organizations can enhance their adaptability and resilience against the backdrop of continuous change. These findings are particularly valuable for enhancing managerial practices and informing policy within corporate settings.

Pattaya City is a well-known tourist destination in Thailand, famous for its beautiful beachfront, lively nightlife, and stunning natural scenery. Since 2019, the Eastern Special Development Zone Act, the so-called EEC (Eastern Economic Corridor), has positioned the city as a focal point for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE), boosting its tourism-driven economy. Infrastructure improvements in the region have accelerated urban development over the past decade. However, it is uncertain whether this growth primarily comes from development within existing areas or the expansion of urban boundaries and what direction future growth may take. To investigate this, research using the Cellular Automata-Markov model has been conducted to analyze land use changes and urban growth patterns in Pattaya, using land use data from the Department of Land for 2013 and 2017. The findings suggest an upcoming city expansion along the motorway, indicating that infrastructure improvements could drive rapid urbanization in coastal areas. This urban expansion emphasizes the need for urban management and strategic land use planning in coastal cities.

The distress of commercial companies is considered one of the most critical stages leading to the liquidation and termination of the business. This danger increases in the context of poor management, stagnation, and the occurrence of crises and external circumstances that affect the company’s ability to cope. Rules regarding financial restructuring of distressed commercial companies may be regarded as the most prominent legal framework adopted by Emirati, Kuwaiti and French legislators to address the instability and distress of commercial enterprises and to provide solutions to mitigate the risk of bankruptcy and liquidation. It is a preventive measure aimed at reaching an agreement between the debtor and creditors to resolve the disturbances or difficulties faced by the company, which may affect its obligations to others. Therefore, financial restructuring is considered a mean of prevention and rescue for commercial companies, and the success of this rescue is linked to the debtor’s cooperation and seriousness in overcoming such issue.

The study documents the model of the knowledge transfer process between the University, the Vocational Training Center and the industrial actors. The research seeks to answer to the following questions. Where is new knowledge generated? Where does knowledge originate from? Is there a central actor? If so, which organization? Hypotheses tested by the research: H1: Knowledge starts from the higher education institution. H2: Most “new knowledge” is generated in universities and large multinational companies. H3: The university is a central actor in the knowledge flow, transmitting both hard and soft skills, as well as subject (‘know-what’), organizational (‘know-why’), use (‘know-how’), relational (‘know-who’), and creative (‘care-why’) knowledge. The aim of the research is to model the way of knowledge flow between the collaborating institutions. The novelty of this research is that it extends the analysis of the knowledge flow process not only to the actors of previous researches (higher education institutions, business organizations, and government) but also to secondary vocational education and training institutions. The methodology used in the research is the analysis of the documents of the actors investigated and the questionnaire survey among the participants. Knowledge transfer is the responsibility of the university and its partner training and business organizations. In vocational education and training, knowledge flows based on the knowledge economy, innovation and technological development are planned, managed and operational. The research has shown that knowledge is a specific good that it is indivisible in its production and consumption, that it is easy and cheap to transfer and learn.