The Method of Discretization in Time (MDT) is a hybrid numerical technique intended to alleviate upfront the computational procedure of timedependent partial differential equations of parabolic type upfront. The MDT engenders a sequence of adjoint second order ordinary differential equations, wherein the space coordinate is the independent variable and time becomes an embedded parameter. Essentially, the adjoint second order ordinary differential equations are considered of “quasistationary” nature. In this work, the MDT is used for the analysis of unsteady heat conduction in regular bodies (large wall, long cylinder and sphere) accounting for nearly constant thermophysical properties, uniform initial temperature and surface heat flux. In engineering applications, the surface heat flux is customarily provided by electrical heating, radiative heating and pool fire heating. It is demonstrated that the approximate, semianalytical temperature solutions of the first adjoint “quasistationary” heat conduction equations using the first time jump are easily obtainable for each regular body. For enhanced acccuracy, regression analysis is applied to the deviations of the dimensionless surface temperature as a function of the dimensionless time for each regular body.

In this study, we consider the extended Brinkman's-Darcy model for a triple diffusive convection system which consists of some parameters such as Taylor number (Ta), Solutal Rayleigh numbers (RC1 , RC2 ), and Prandtl number (Pr). To investigate the range of these parameters, a dynamical system of the Ginzburg-Landau equation is developed. The parametric analysis and comparative study of the model for the three Rayleigh numbers which leads to the clear fluid layer, sparsely packed porous layer, and densely packed porous layer is done with the help of bifurcation maps and the Lyapunov exponents. It is found that for a certain range of parameters, the system exhibits a chaotic behaviour.

This study conducts a systematic review to explore the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mobile learning to support indigenous communities in Malaysia. It also examines the AI techniques used more broadly in education. The main objectives of this research are to investigate the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in support the mobile learning and education and provide a taxonomy that shows the stages of process that used in this research and presents the main AI applications that used in mobile learning and education. To identify relevant studies, four reputable databases—ScienceDirect, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus—were systematically searched using predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. This screening process resulted in 50 studies which were further classified into groups: AI Technologies (19 studies), Machine Learning (11), Deep Learning (8), Chatbots/ChatGPT/WeChat (4), and Other (8). The results were analyzed taxonomically to provide a structured framework for understanding the diverse applications of AI in mobile learning and education. This review summarizes current research and organizes it into a taxonomy that reveals trends and techniques in using AI to support mobile learning, particularly for indigenous groups in Malaysia.

Fiscal decentralization is one of the policy implementations of regional autonomy, which authorizes local governments to manage their local finances independently. However, with the evolution of the times and the dynamics that are taking place, the application of fiscal decentralization worldwide is changing at each time of year. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate fiscal decentralization research temporarily over the course of four decades. The study aims to explain the development of research on fiscal decentralization over a period of four decades. This research integrates Scopus database to offer a thorough conceptual and structural overview of the field by integrating bibliometric approaches and content analysis. The research procedure begins with the determination of the scope of the research, the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection process, the collection of data on Publish or Perish (PoP), and the execution of bibliometric analysis on VosViewer. The research shows that the type of journal with the highest productivity has sub-topics of economy, public service, development, and environmental. The development of fiscal decentralization research has a positive upward trend and most of the top-ranked journals indicate that fiscal decentralization has links and influences with other variables. It is apparent that the most often keywords emerged and studied in the research on fiscal decentralization are related to efficiency, measure, role, degree, growth, and fiscal federalism. Meanwhile, the least frequent keywords are related to poverty and inequality, health outcome, environmental pollution, Latin America, South Africa, fiscal autonomy, corruption, OECD country, determinant, and public sector. These keywords are the future lines of research that may be used for future research on the topic of fiscal decentralization.

Leisure education has an impact not only on individuals but also on the environment and society. The present study aimed to explore and describe experts’ knowledge and experience about leisure education to develop leadership among youth with physical disabilities. The present study used a qualitative research approach through an exploratory design to answer the research question. Five participants were purposefully recruited and selected based on their expertise in the topic of interest. Participants’ expertise ranged from leisure, recreation, youth and leadership. The participants had experience working in higher education institutions, and community projects, held doctorate qualifications, and have over ten years in this field. Data was collected online using Google Meet software using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis framework and guidelines. The findings of this study suggest that youth with physical disabilities can develop personal capacity through leisure education programmes. Leisure education programmes can be meaningful to youth with physical disabilities and have a developmental impact, including leadership. Youth with physical disabilities’ capacities and abilities should be nurtured and protected to allow growth and independence. The implications are that leisure education programmes for leadership development must be intentional to achieve the intended outcome.

On the basis of the enlightenment of international engineering education accreditation for the reform and development of higher education in China, combined with the important measures of the national “double first-class” construction, new challenges have been proposed for innovative talent cultivation among engineering majors in the context of promoting national development. These challenges also promote the reform of science-oriented courses among engineering majors. As a core mandatory course for engineering majors, biochemistry plays a crucial role in the entire educational process at universities, serving as a bridge between basic and specialized courses. To address challenges such as limited course resources, insufficient development of students’ advanced thinking and innovation skills, and overly standardized assessment methods, the bioengineering major from Guilin University of Technology restructured the biochemistry course content. A blended teaching model termed “three integrations, three stages, one sharing”, was implemented. This effort has yielded significant results, providing a research foundation for constructing an innovative talent cultivation system that is oriented toward industry needs within modern industrial colleges. It also offers valuable insights into and reference points for the cultivation of engineering talents and curriculum reform in local universities.