Under thermo-mechanical stress via a bulge test (BT), composite circular diaphragms (CCD) exhibit temperature-dependent mechanical behavior, including changes in Young’s modulus, yield strength, and residual stress. The application of a differential pressure and temperature causes the membrane to deform, allowing researchers to characterize composite material properties, particularly for materials used in microelectromechanical sensors (MEMS) operating in harsh environments. This paper aims to explore how CCD made from basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) behaves under thermal and mechanical stress, particularly in various engineering and bioengineering sensor applications, using a technique known as the BT. To start, the diaphragm is pre-stressed and clamped between two plates. When applying differential pressure, it causes the diaphragm to deform. An analytical approach is developed for utilizing the BT to describe the thermo-mechanical properties of these diaphragms. This method is well-suited for examining how diaphragms behave mechanically in both elastic and plastic states. A finite element model (FEM) is extended to analyze the BT outcomes and look into how pre-stress influences the pressure testing, comparing results from the FEM with those derived from analytical calculations. The variations in thickness and material type are also taken into account to better understand how they affect the diaphragm’s mechanical behavior under stress. Additionally, this work considers how temperature impacts the material properties of the diaphragm, which is crucial for analyzing its thermo-mechanical response. The relative () for maximum deflection the analytical and numerical results is less than 0.3%. The simulations are done using ANSYS, MATLAB and its PDE toolbox to get the results.

Abstract: The present study investigates the effect of nano-Fe2O3 particles as a micronutrient on the growth of plant seedlings of Mung (Vigna radiate) and Gram (Cicer arietinum) using plant agar method. The laboratory experiment was carried out in the test units comprising of a petri dish and plant agar medium. The plant agar medium used acts as a false soil that supports the seedlings for germination, prevents precipitation of water-insoluble nanoparticles and eliminates the possibility of any nutrients from external sources other than the nano-Fe2O3 particles. Each test unit containing agar media was treated with nano-Fe2O3 particles suspension at different concentrations. The effect of nano-Fe2O3 particle dose-response on root and shoot growth of the seedlings as well as on biomass assay was examined. The results showed that among the various concentrations of nano-Fe2O3 particles studied, a good agronomic value over control was observed only for certain optimum concentration i.e 50 mg/L for mung and 5 mg/L for gram seedlings. Beyond this dose limit the seedling showed retardation in their growth characteristics indicating phytotoxicity.

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to various reasons, including late-stage diagnosis, treatment resistance, and limited therapeutic efficacy. Conventional treatment strategies- surgical resection, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies- pose significant limitations such as poor specificity, systemic toxicity, and disease recurrence, preventing timely treatment. Recent advances in nanotechnology provide promising solutions, particularly in early diagnosis and precision medicine. This review focuses on nanotechnology-based theranostic techniques, including nano biosensing, liquid biopsy innovations, and imaging enhancements. Furthermore, significant improvements in therapeutic strategies, such as nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and immunomodulation, are discussed, as well as existing challenges and potential prospects. Understanding the potential of these innovations is crucial for establishing more effective, personalized, and minimally invasive strategies for liver cancer management.