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Oct 12, 2026

A theoretical model of co-production of public goods and services: A Systematic literature review and thematic synthesis

This study examines the transformative role of co-production in delivering public goods and services across diverse public-service contexts. It aims to examine the nature, application, drivers, barriers, and reported outcomes of co-production. A systematic literature review with thematic synthesis was conducted using 10 peer-reviewed studies selected through predetermined eligibility criteria. The findings identified stakeholder engagement, knowledge integration, resource availability, and motivational drivers as recurring factors associated with effective co-production. The reviewed evidence indicates that co-production can facilitate citizen participation, knowledge exchange, service improvement, learning, and responsiveness to public needs. However, implementation can be constrained by unequal participation, power imbalances, limited financial and institutional resources, technological barriers, weak trust, and difficulties in consistently measuring outcomes. Based on the synthesis, the study develops the Integrated Co-Production Impact (ICI) Theory, which proposes that motivational drivers promote stakeholder engagement, engagement facilitates knowledge integration, and resource availability enables integrated knowledge to contribute to co-production effectiveness. The study concludes that effective co-production depends on the interaction of these conditions and recommends inclusive participation, adequate resources, institutional support, and stronger evaluation mechanisms to enhance sustainable public-service outcomes.

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Jul 27, 2026

Applicable methodologies for modelling of heat and mass transfer phenomena in tumble dryers: A review

Tumble dryers are convenient but energy-intensive, and their performance depends on coupled heat and mass transfer within the drum and air circuit. This review evaluates mathematical modeling approaches for these processes, spanning 0-D lumped-parameter models, 1-D heat and moisture transfer models, and kinematic and image-processing methods, across vented, condenser, and heat-pump dryer types. Literature was drawn from peer-reviewed sources published roughly since the 1990s. The Chilton–Colburn analogy remains the dominant framework for evaporation-rate modeling, but its reliance on constant transfer coefficients, uniform textile temperature, and saturated surface assumptions limits its accuracy during the falling-rate drying period, when evaporation slows and a larger fraction of supplied energy may be diverted to heating the textiles and drum rather than moisture removal. This review’s contribution lies in systematically comparing classical models (Lambert, Deans) against newer 1-D, regression-based, kinematic, and image-processing strategies, clarifying the assumptions, applicability boundaries, and engineering trade-offs of each. The findings point toward hybrid, uncertainty-aware models that couple energy-balance formulations with variable transfer coefficients, textile-motion data, and data-driven tools as the most promising path forward for energy-efficient dryer design and control.

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Apr 20, 2026

Urban core-periphery structure: Exploration of an emergent phenomenon

This paper revisits the longstanding problem of the urban core-periphery structure through the lens of complexity and network theories. We argue that this relation remains central to urban science, requiring cities to be interpreted as dynamic systems in which urban form and social structure co-evolve through continuous interaction. Building on classical geographical and economic models, as well as developments in complexity science, the study proposes a systemic approach to describe and simulate the emergence of multicentricity. Using Porto Alegre (Brazil) as a case study, we examine how socio-spatial centralities emerge and interact within the urban system. The results suggest that polycentricity is not merely decentralization, but an emergent property of urban complexity shaped by path-dependent dynamics and social inequality. The study contributes to linking Latin American urbanization to broader discussions on emergence, self-organization, and peripheral urbanization.

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Mar 23, 2026

A novel material model of BFRP laminated composite diaphragms for nano electro mechanical sensors

Understanding the mechanical properties of diaphragms is crucial for the reliability and performance of Nano Electro Mechanical Sensors (NEMS). There are various methods documented for characterizing micro materials. One well-established nondestructive approach is the bulge test, which is effective for examining the mechanical traits of diaphragms. This study aims to enhance NEMS performance by exploring how a Nano rectangular diaphragm (NRD), created from a new material within NEMS, behaves mechanically through an improved bulge test technique. The NRD is made from layers of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) laminate composites, sized at the nanoscale, and was tested at room temperature for plane-strain bulging. Before applying any loads, the NRD is pre-stressed to eliminate any initial deflection and then securely clamped between two plates. A differential pressure is applied, causing deformation in the laminated composite NRD. This setup makes the plane-strain bulge test well-suited for analyzing the mechanical properties of the laminated composite NRD in both elastic and plastic states. We derived an exact solution to the governing equations for the symmetric cross-ply BFRP laminated composite NRD, taking into account the impact of residual strength from the pre-stressed condition. The relationship between stress and strain for the BFRP laminated composite NRD was determined through hydraulic bulging tests, and we analyzed the gradual thickness changes at different points of the hemisphere formed during the bulge test. We can also extend a finite element model (FEM) to analyze the BT outcomes and look into how pre-stress influences the pressure testing, comparing results from the FEM with those derived from analytical calculations. The relative error (E_r) for w_max between the analytical and numerical results is less than 0.336%. We ran simulations using ANSYS, MATLAB and its PDE toolbox to get our results.

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Sept 21, 2024

Optimization model for lobster harvesting intensity based on nonlinear programming and its maximization of annual catch

Effective harvesting strategies are crucial for maximizing annual catch and ensuring the sustainability of lobster (Homarus americanus) farming. This paper presents a nonlinear objective programming model to optimize harvesting intensity based on lobster life cycle dynamics and harvesting characteristics. We model the population dynamics of 1-4 year-old lobsters using differential equations to account for natural mortality, spawning, and harvesting effects. Solving the model with LINGO 12.0, we determine that the optimal harvesting intensity coefficient is 17.36, which maximizes annual catch to 3.88 × 10¹⁰ grams. Results indicate that maintaining harvesting intensity around this optimal value balances economic benefits and population stability, ensuring sustainable farm operations.

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May 4, 2025

Soil erosion and sediment yield assessment using RUSLE and GIS based Model: Case study in Aguat Wuha dam catchment area Northwest Ethiopia

One crucial metric for estimating a reservoirs and dam’s lifespan is sedimentation. It is dependent upon sediment output, which in turn is dependent upon soil erosion. The study area, the Aguat Wuha Dam, was located in Simada woreda, of northwestern parts of Ethiopia. And the study's goal was to use Arc GIS and RUSLE adjusted to Ethiopian conditions to assess potential soil erosion and sediment output from the watershed and identify hotspot locations for appropriate planning for erosion and sedimentation problem management techniques to make the outputs of the dam project more productive and effective for the proposed and suggested purpose of the dam. To predict the geographical patterns of soil erosion in the watershed, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was combined with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). A soil erosion map was produced using ArcGIS by utilizing all of the model's parameters, including Erosivity, erodibility, steepness, land use, land cover, and supportive practice factors. The watershed's yearly soil loss varies from 0 to 413.86 tons/ha. In order to determine the erosion hotspot area, the average annual soil loss value was discovered to be 9.24 tons/ha/year and was categorized into six erosion severity classes: low, moderate, high, very high, severe, and very severe. These findings indicated that 162.57 ha and 699.17 ha of the watershed were considered to be extremely and severely vulnerable to soil erosion, respectively. It was discovered that the anticipated sediment yield supplied to the outlet varied from 0 to 104.94 tons/ha/year. By standing from the implications of the assessments of the geological, geotechnical, topographical, and socioenvironmental considerations Watershed management is the most effective way to reduce the amount of sediment produced and the amount that enters the reservoir among the several reservoir sedimentation control options that are available.

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