A total of 25 SSR primers were screened on 37 putative F₁s derived from the five different crosses. Identified cross specific highly informative SSRs primers, i.e., 14 for the first cross, 10 for the second, 12 for the third and 6 each for fourth and fifth crosses. For the first cross Bhagwa × Daru 17, four primers (HvSSRT_375, NRCP_SSR9, NRCP_SSR12 and NRCP_SSR92) were found to be highly informative with higher 100% hybrid purity index (HPI), PIC (~0.52), and observed heterozygosity (Ho, range 0.87–0.93) values, and two F₁s namely H₁ and H₂ were found to be highly heterotic with a heterozygosity index (HI) of 92.85%. Similarly, for Bhagwa × Nana, three primers (HvSSRT_375, HvSSRT_605 and NRCP_SSR19) had higher HPI (70%–100%), PIC (0.52–0.69), and Ho (0.75–0.33) values, and three F₁s H₁, H₂, and H₄ had 70% (HI). For Bhagwa × IC318712, four SSRs (HvSSRT_254, HvSSRT_348, HvSSRT_826 and NRCP_SSR95) had higher Ho (~0.83), HPI (100%) and PIC (~0.52) values, and four F₁s H₂, H₇, H₉, and H₁₀ showed 91.66% (HI). For Bhagwa × Nayana, HvSSRT_605, HvSSRT_826, and HvSSRT_432, and for Ganesh × Nayana, HVSSRT_375, HVSSRT_605, and HvSSRT_826 were found informative. These markers will be highly useful in developing maps of populations.

The present study attempted to assess the impact of fundamental ratios on the share prices of selected telecommunication companies in India. India has dramatically expanded over the past ten years to become the second-biggest telecoms market worldwide, with 1.17 billion users. The Indian telecom industry has proliferated thanks in part to the government of India’s liberal and reformist policies and strong customer demand. It has become a lucrative investment sector for investors due to its recent and prospective growth. Data on 13 telecom firms indexed in the S&P BSE telecommunication index from 2013 to 2022 were taken from companies’ annual reports, the BSE website (Bombay Stock Exchange), and other secondary sources. Six firm-specific fundamental factors viz. Debt to Equity ratio (D/E), Current ratio (CR), Total Assets Turnover ratio (ATR), Earnings per share (EPS), Price to earnings ratio (P/E), Return on equity (ROE), and three country-specific fundamental factors viz. Gross Domestic Product, Inflation rate, and S&P BSE Sensex return were considered. Fixed effect panel regression through Generalized Least Square (GLS) model was performed to find inferences. Debt Equity ratio and Inflation rate were found to impact share price negatively. Conversely, the Total Assets Turnover ratio (ATR), Earnings per share (EPS), Price to Earnings ratio (P/E), and Return on Equity (ROE) positively impacted selected companies’ share prices. The study results will benefit individual & institutional investors in formulating their investment and portfolio diversification strategies for gaining a high effective rate of return on their investments.

The financial inclusion program in Asia has begun to be carried out intensively, focusing on increasing public access, especially for people who have yet to enjoy banking services. This makes financial inclusion one of the development focuses in the financial sector in various countries, especially in the Asian region. This study compares the financial inclusion level and socioeconomic variables’ influence on financial inclusion in Asian countries in 2010–2022. To compare the level of financial inclusion in several Asian countries, the Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) analysis method was used, while to examine the relationship between socioeconomic variables on financial inclusion, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used with an estimation technique, in the Fixed Effects Model approach. The results of this study indicate that, in general, financial inclusion in several Asian countries is mainly influenced by the usability dimension. In addition, only the variable GDP per capita is partially influential. While other variables, namely, the unemployment rate and population in rural areas, significantly influence the financial inclusion index.

Noise pollution in construction sites is a significant concern, impacting worker health, safety, communication, and productivity. The current study aims to assess the paramount consequences of ambient noise pollution on construction activities and workers’ productivity in Peshawar, Pakistan. Noise measurements have been recorded at four different construction sites in Peshawar at different times of the day. Statistical analysis and Relative Importance Index (RII) are employed to evaluate the data Risk variables, such as equipment maintenance, noise control, increased workload, material handling challenges, quality control issues, and client satisfaction. The results indicated that noise levels often exceeded permissible limits, particularly in the afternoon, posing significant worker risks. In addition, RII analysis identified communication difficulties, safety hazards, and decreased productivity as significant issues. The results show that noise pollution is directly linked with safety risks, decreased performance, and client dissatisfaction and needs immediate attention by authorities. This paper proposes a strategic policy framework, recommending uniform hand signals and visual communication methods without noise for workers, worker training about safety, and using wearable devices in noisy settings. Communication training for teams and crane operators, proactive quality control, and customer-oriented project schedules are also proposed. These recommendations aim to mitigate the adverse effects of noise pollution, enhance construction industry resilience, and improve overall operational efficiency, worker safety, and client satisfaction in the construction sector of Peshawar, aligning with policy and sustainable development objectives.