India’s economic growth is of significant interest due to its expanding Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and global market influence. This study investigates the interplay between production, trade, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, and economic growth in India using Granger causality analysis. Also, the data from 1994 to 2023 were analyzed to explore the relationships among these variables. The results reveal strong positive correlations among production, trade, CO₂ emissions, and GDP, with production showing significant associations with export, import, and GDP. Co-integration tests confirm the presence of a long-term relationship among the variables, suggesting their interconnectedness in shaping India’s economic landscape. Regression analysis indicates that production, export, import, United States (US)-India trade, manufacturing cost of energy, and CO₂ emissions significantly impact GDP. Moreover, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation reveals both short-term and long-term dynamics, highlighting the importance of understanding equilibrium and deviations in economic variables. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the complex interactions driving India’s economic growth and sustainability.

Intelligent toy design and development talents need to master certain electronic intelligent control, arts and crafts design, product modeling design and other skills. There is a shortage of intelligent toy designers in our country, and toy enterprises are in urgent need of professional and technical personnel engaged in toy product modeling and functional design. Therefore, it is urgent to cultivate intelligent toy design and development talents. This paper explores the necessity of cross-professional training of intelligent toy design and development talents, relies on teachers' scientific research and enterprise projects, etc., takes graduation projects as a breakthrough, pushes back the talent training curriculum system, and proposes an cross-professional collaborative training model. Through cross-professional combination training intelligent toy design talents, so that they have the design thinking of toy designers and a certain degree of electronic engineer design thinking, can better adapt to the rapid development of modern toy design industry, enterprises changing new requirements.

The environmental issue of single-use plastic is extremely discussed due to waste accumulation and the consumption of non-renewable resources. This study aims to investigate the properties of bioplastic compared to petroleum-based plastic. Two stages of stretch blow molding were used to fabricate polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and bio-polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) bottles. The shelf life extension of chili sauce paste stored in PET and Bio-PET containers with an oxygen scavenger at 45 ℃ in an accelerated condition was investigated. After twelve weeks, the chili sauce paste stored in the container bottle was observed. PET and Bio-PET bottles without oxygen scavengers were also determined as a control for comparison. The result showed that both PET and Bio-PET bottles with oxygen scavengers could prolong the quality of chili sauce paste similarly, meaning that PET could be replaced by Bio-PET as a chili sauce paste container. Other properties, such as thickness gauge, color, leak test, drop test, and close-open force of the container bottle, were also verified to check the product quality standard.

Participation in the implementation of green values that are becoming a global norm often experiences challenges. In response with trends of social media use, a study of barriers to green product purchase intention among social media users is conducted. By descriptive qualitative approach, three keywords are employed, namely: (1) “barriers to green consumption”; (2) “barriers of purchase intention; and (3) “social media use and barriers to green consumption”. The findings reveal: (1) the study of barriers to green product purchase intention among social media users has been gaining importance for future research; (2) the potential future research area includes: (a) the level of belief in green products purchase intention that explains the rationalization of green consumption (green knowledge); and (b) the use of digital media through the role of social media in promoting green consumption (green promotion). The theoretical implication emphasizes contribution to the theory of sustainable marketing, namely barriers as dynamics of market interactivity that are capable of generating responsiveness leading to business competitiveness. While practical implication is shown in business efforts to transform challenges into opportunity.

This study examined the factors influencing online purchases among consumers in Bangladesh, employing a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data from 353 individuals in Bangladesh revealed that perceived ease of use, social influence, security, convenience, trust, emotional experience, and functional experience significantly positively affect the intention to purchase online. Additionally, results show that the intention to purchase online significantly positively affects actual online purchases. Findings further highlighted that intention to make online purchases mediated the influence of perceived ease of use, social influence, security, convenience, trust, emotional experience, and functional experience over online purchases. The study provides significant practical recommendations to help businesses and consumers support online purchasing with diverse advantages.

This article emphasizes the importance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in driving economic growth. SMEs are labour-intensive and agile, creating more jobs, while large companies are capital-intensive and rely on technology, having more resources for research and development. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, SMEs contribute significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and job opportunities, while large companies dominate specific sectors. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach using an extensive literature review to summarize the current literature, highlight the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in GCC, and highlight the importance of large companies in developing local citizens. Policy-makers must consider these differences to integrate these dynamic changes for effective support policies. This study examines the economic impact of SMEs and large companies in the GCC region, providing recommendations to support large businesses. It addresses challenges and opportunities related to employment, household earnings, economic output, and value addition. Promoting the economic impact of SMEs and large companies can lead to sustainable economic growth and development in the GCC region. Also, this article pointed out the importance of large companies and their economic impact in the GCC region; policy recommendations will help the governing bodies in decision-making towards promoting sustainable economic growth.