The structure, thermodynamic stability, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) energy level difference (E_g) and tension of lowest unoccupied orbit (LUMO) and highest occupied orbit (HOMO) of armchair single wall carbon nanotubes (C-NTs), BN hybrid carbon nanotubes (BC₂N-NTs) and all BN nanotubes (BN-NTs) were systematically studied with AM1 method in this paper. Calculation results show that when n value is constant, (n, n) C-NTs (n = 3,4,5,6) has the largest diameter and BN-NTs has the smallest diameter; (n, n) the values of E_g (HOMO-LUMO) and n of C-NTs and BC₂N-NTs are related; POAV analysis shows that different hybrid atoms have different contributions to the hybrid mode of nanotube atoms and the tension of nanotubes.

This research analyzes the relationship between political stability, renewable energy utilization, economic progress, and tourism in Indonesia from 1990 to 2020. We employ advanced econometric techniques, including the Fourier Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality testing, to ensure the robustness of our results while accounting for smooth structural changes in the data. The analysis uncovers a long-term equilibrium relationship between tourism and its fundamental determinants. Our research reveals significant positive impacts of political stability and renewable energy consumption on tourism in Indonesia. A stable political environment creates a favorable climate for tourism development, instilling confidence in both domestic and international tourists. Promoting renewable energy usage aligns with sustainable tourism practices, attracting environmentally conscious travelers. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a bi-directional causal relationship between these variables over time. Changes in political stability, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth profoundly influence the tourism sector, while the growth of tourism itself can also stimulate economic development and foster political stability. Our findings underscore the need for environmentally sustainable and politically stable tourism policies. Indonesia’s tourism sector can grow sustainably with renewable energy and stability. Policymakers can develop strategies with tourism, political stability, renewable energy, and economic prosperity in mind.

Theoretically, within the diatomic model, the relative stability of most abundant boron clusters B₁₁, B₁₂, and B₁₃ with planar structures in neutral, positive and negative charged-states is studied. According to the specific (per atom) binding energy criterion, B₁₂⁺ (6.49 eV) is found to be the most stable boron cluster, while B₁₁^– + B₁₃⁺ (5.83 eV) neutral pair is expected to present the preferable ablation channel for boron-rich solids. Obtained results would be applicable in production of boron-clusters-based nanostructured coating materials with super-properties such as lightness, hardness, conductivity, chemical inertness, neutron-absorption, etc., making them especially effective for protection against cracking, wear, corrosion, neutron- and electromagnetic-radiations, etc.

Infrastructure development policies have been criticised for lacking a deliberate pro-gender and pro-informal sector orientation. Since African economies are dual enclaves, with the traditional and informal sectors female-dominated, failure to have gendered infrastructure development planning and investment exacerbates gender inequality. The paper examines the effect of the infrastructure development index, the size of the informal economy, and the level of economic development on gender inequality. The paper applies the panel autoregressive distributed lag method to data on the gender inequality index, infrastructure development index, GDP per capita, and size of the informal sector for the period 2005–2018. The sample consists of 44 African countries. The research established that the infrastructure development index, its sub-indices, GDP per capita, and the size of the informal sector are crucial dynamics that governments need to consider carefully when formulating development policies to reduce gender inequality. The research found that investment in infrastructure in general, transport infrastructure, and energy infrastructure reduces gender inequality. infrastructure development has gender inequality increasing effects in some countries and gender inequality reducing effects in others. The pattern suggests that at the continental level a Kuznets-type patten in the relationship between gender inequality and infrastructure development, gender inequality and size of informal sector, and gender inequality and GDP per capita exists. Some countries are in the region where changes in these covariates positively correlate with gender inequality, while others are in the region where further increases in the covariates reduce gender inequality.

Introduction: New energy vehicles (NEVs) refer to automobiles powered by alternative energy sources to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impacts. They represent a sustainable transportation solution, aligning with global efforts to promote energy efficiency in the automotive sector. Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of social demand on the business model of NEVs. Through a comprehensive analysis of consumer preferences and market dynamics, the research aims to identify strategies for driving the sustainable growth of the NEV industry in respond to societal demands. Research methodology: We conduct a questionnaire survey on 2415 individuals and evaluated that questionnaire data by multifactor analysis of variance to examine individual consumer characteristics. We employed NOVA to evaluate the differences in market penetration factors. Additionally, a regression analysis model is utilized to examine accessibility element’s effects on the consumer’s intensions to buy, addressing categorical and ordered data requirements effectively. Research findings: This research demonstrates that middle-aged and adolescent demographics show the highest willingness to purchase NEV’s, particularly emphasizing technological advancements. Consumer preferences vary based on focus like NEV type, model and brand, necessitating tailored marketing strategies. Conclusion: Improving perception levels and addressing charging convenience and innovative features are vital for enhancing market penetration and sustainable business growth in the NEV industry.