A state of emergency allows authorities to exercise special powers, including the temporary suspension of regular legal provisions and human rights standards. This scenario engenders a conflict between extraordinary powers and the foundational principles of the rule of law. This paper investigates one of the most contentious legal dilemmas concerning emergency powers: whether these powers must be exercised within the bounds of legal constraints. This paper also explores whether ordinary principles of legality apply in situations involving emergency powers. This study aims to examine how this tension is approached from different perspectives. It focuses on discussing the challenges for the rule of law in the state of emergency. It also studies Vietnam’s approach to addressing these challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This scholarly article aims at analyze the obstacles encountered by teachers who specialize in the transition from early childhood education to primary education, as well as the possible areas for their growth and progress. Through the utilization of a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, along with detailed case studies, we have identified a number of major challenges faced by these teachers. These challenges primarily center around psychological stress, disparities in educational philosophies, and the task of bridging the gap between home and kindergarten education. To promote the professional development of teachers specializing in this transition in the future, it is crucial to prioritize their mental well-being, implement policy reforms, and emphasize the importance of comprehensive qualities and innovative pedagogical approaches.

The debate on relocating Indonesia's national capital from Jakarta stems from critical issues such as overpopulation, social inequality, environmental degradation, and natural disaster risks. These challenges highlight the need to reassess Jakarta's viability as the nation's administrative center. This study evaluates Indonesia's readiness to address the complexities of relocation by analyzing Jakarta's socio-economic, political, cultural, and geographical conditions. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) with a qualitative approach, the research explores key questions: Do Jakarta's conditions necessitate relocation? What challenges might arise from the move? How prepared is Indonesia to tackle these challenges? The SLR process includes defining questions, sourcing literature from reputable databases, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, and synthesizing data for analysis. Findings reveal Jakarta's multifaceted challenges, including social disparities, environmental degradation, disaster risks, and governance issues, which emphasize the urgency of considering relocation. However, the study also identifies significant hurdles, such as high costs, logistical complexities, potential social conflicts, and environmental risks at the new capital site. Relocating the capital is a strategic and complex undertaking that requires meticulous planning. Indonesia must weigh Jakarta's current issues, address potential relocation challenges, and ensure readiness for risk mitigation and sustainable development. Comprehensive and thoughtful planning is essential to achieve a successful and balanced transition.

Nowadays, finding a suitable solution to the problem of generational change in case of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) is becoming increasingly challenging. The aim of this research to investigate whether entering into the stock exchange could be a realistic alternative for Hungarian companies to eliminate this issue. This study reviews the process of Initial Public Offering (IPO) and summarises the advantages and the difficulties of going public. The paper focuses on the opportunities for value creation and saving offered to SMEs by listing on the stock exchange. As primary research on practical experiences, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the managers of 10 involved companies, and some financial indicators were examined. The research does not cover all relevant companies; however, it is still suitable for drawing a conclusion. The presence on the stock market proved to be useful for the companies and played a significant role in the preservation of the company’s value as well as in financing opportunities. The path demonstrated in this article is suitable for other businesses to follow the pioneers.

In Central and Eastern European countries, the labour shortage is becoming increasingly pronounced, posing a challenge for the economy. Labour shortages limit the potential national income as many positions remain unfilled, which could lead to a slowdown in economic growth. To address this issue, various solutions need to be explored. This research aims to analyze solutions for alleviating labour shortages, with particular emphasis on measures that encourage workforce participation. One strategy is introducing training and retraining programs that help workers develop skills and adapt to labour market demands. Another option is to promote part-time employment, which may be especially attractive to groups unable or unwilling to work full-time. Enhancing population mobility could also be crucial in addressing labour shortages, particularly in bridging regional disparities. Integrating certain inactive groups, such as retirees, homemakers, students, people with disabilities, and those with low education levels experiencing generational poverty, into the labour market could also yield significant benefits. The study employs quantitative analysis methods and includes a survey that examines citizens’ perspectives on the effectiveness of measures aimed at increasing labour market participation and their economic impact on the Slovak economy. The survey data were collected in 2023 in the region of Rožňava and its surrounding areas.

As Bangladesh faces its current energy crisis, public-private partnerships (PPPs) emerge as a promising solution, bridging the strengths of both sectors toward a brighter, more electrified future. This research focuses on the challenges in Bangladesh’s power sector: increasing electricity demand and the imperative for a consistent supply of renewable energy sources. The research employs content analysis, exploring various aspects, including policy documents, regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagements, and resource assessments, with a specific focus on three key variables: regulatory framework, stakeholder engagement, and informed policymaking. Drawing on the ‘resource-based view’ theory, the study emphasizes the significance of ‘mitigating resource risks’ through ‘resource assessment.’ Empirical support is derived from an extensive review of literature in reputable journals and research articles, enhancing the research’s credibility with real-world evidence. The study provides a practical roadmap for stakeholders navigating Bangladesh’s power sector, addressing energy challenges, and promoting sustainability.