This research aims to examine the role of learning leadership on teacher performance in elementary schools, analyze the influence of digital literacy on teacher performance, analyze the role of emotional intelligence on teacher performance and analyze the role of intellectual intelligence on teacher performance. In this digital era, digital literacy plays an important role in education. The application of digital literacy in education is still not optimal and there is no previous research that discusses the variables of instructional leadership, teacher performance, digital literacy, emotional intelligence and intellectual intelligence. The research method used is quantitative, the population of this research is all teachers who have used e-learning methods, and the analysis of this research uses structural equation modelling (SEM), the respondents for this research are 675 Indonesian teachers. The sampling method is simple random sampling. Research data was obtained from distributing online questionnaires designed using a 5-point Likert scale, namely scale 1 is strongly disagree, scale 2 is disagree, scale 3 is neutral, scale 4 is agree and scale 5 is strongly agree. Data processing uses SmartPLS 3.0 software tools. The SEM test stages in this research are the outer model test, namely convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability, and then the inner model test, namely hypothesis testing. The results of the analysis using SEM are that the Instructional leadership variable has a positive and significant relationship to teacher performance, the Digital literacy variable has a positive and significant relationship to teacher performance, the Emotional intelligence variable has a positive and significant relationship to teacher performance and Intellectual intelligence has a positive and significant relationship to teacher performance. The novelty of this research is the discovery of a model of the relationship between instructional leadership variables, digital literacy variables, emotional intelligence variables, and intellectual intelligence variables on teacher performance which did not exist in previous research studies. This research has a novelty, namely a model analyzed using SEM-PLS in the digital era. The principal must be able to determine and set learning objectives in his school, in his implementation the principal always involves teachers in developing and implementing learning goals and objectives and the principal also refers to the curriculum set by the government in developing learning. The dimensions of instructional leadership are defining school goals, managing learning programs, and creating a positive learning climate. In other words, the principal has implemented Instructional Leadership with indicators of setting learning goals, indicators of being a resource for staff, indicators of creating a school culture and climate that is conducive to learning, indicators of communicating the school’s vision and mission to staff, indicators of conditioning staff to achieve their goals.

This study aims to explore the mediating role of perceived organizational support(POS) in the relationship between university teachers' competence and job performance. Through a questionnaire survey of 968 undergraduate university teachers in China, 879 valid questionnaires were collected. The study employed quantitative methods, constructing a university teacher competence scale comprising foundational competence, teaching competence, research competence, and innovation competence, as well as a job performance scale encompassing task performance, relationship performance, and adaptive performance. Structural equation modeling and SOBEL tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that POS exhibited different mediating effect patterns between various competence dimensions and job performance dimensions: no significant mediating effect was found in task performance; partial mediating effects were observed in relational performance and adaptive performance; and a complete mediating effect was identified between foundational competence and adaptive performance. The study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for university teachers management, emphasizing the importance of establishing a competence-based human resources management system, strengthening teachers perceptions of organizational support, and establishing diverse evaluation standards. Future research could further explore the impact of different cultural backgrounds and organizational types on mediating effects.

Natural forests and abandoned agricultural lands are increasingly replaced by monospecific forest plantations that have poor capacity to support biodiversity and ecosystem services. Natural forests harbour plants belonging to different mycorrhiza types that differ in their microbiome and carbon and nutrient cycling properties. Here we describe the MycoPhylo field experiment that encompasses 116 woody plant species from three mycorrhiza types and 237 plots, with plant diversity and mycorrhiza type diversity ranging from one to four and one to three per plot, respectively. The MycoPhylo experiment enables us to test hypotheses about the plant species, species diversity, mycorrhiza type, and mycorrhiza type diversity effects and their phylogenetic context on soil microbial diversity and functioning and soil processes. Alongside with other experiments in the TreeDivNet consortium, MycoPhylo will contribute to our understanding of the tree diversity effects on soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across biomes, especially from the mycorrhiza type and phylogenetic conservatism perspectives.

This study discusses prospects and challenges facing start-up entrepreneurs in language and culture-related tourist attractions in Lombok, Indonesia. Data were collected by observing the operations of tourism entrepreneurs and interviewing the owners, workers, clients, and authorities in the industry. The data were analyzed using a mixed method where tourism sales over one year of business experience were quantitatively analyzed and where prime causes leading to profits and losses were qualitatively explicated. The findings identify six prospective opportunities and five challenges in sustainably establishing language and culture-related tourist attractions as core entrepreneurial businesses. This study enriches our understanding of what micro and small entrepreneurs experience at the early stages of business start-ups and how they respond to uncertainties facing them. The study also provides readers with an understanding of the prospects and the challenges facing small tourist-related entrepreneurs in operations at early start-up stages and serves as a reminder to small businesses about the potential challenges in their business operations. The article also recommends viable management plans to refer to as contingency strategies for probable future challenges. Furthermore, this study attempts to fill a gap in the literature on start-up entrepreneurship in language and culture-related tourist attractions.

Based on the resource-based view and institutional theory, this study investigates the impact of their environmental management capabilities and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pressure on the non-financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular, it examines the interaction effect of ESG pressures on the relationship between SMEs’ environmental management capabilities and non-financial performance. For this study, a total of 1865 SME lists were obtained through Jeonnam Techno Park and Jeonnam Small Business Job and Economy Promotion Agency. Based on this, a total of 127 questionnaires were returned as a result of a telephone, e-mail, and online survey, and finally, an empirical analysis was conducted based on 120 questionnaires. We conducted an empirical analysis of Korean SMEs and obtained the following results: First, environmental management capabilities have a significant, positive effect on SMEs’ non-financial performance. Second, ESG pressure has a significant, negative effect on the non-financial performance of SMEs. Next, we analyzed the moderating effect of ESG pressures and observed that ESG pressures strengthen the positive effect of environmental management capabilities on non-financial performance. Based on the resource-based perspective and institutional theory, this study provides meaningful academic implications by examining environmental management capabilities and ESG pressures, which have not been identified in previous studies, as factors of non-financial performance that are becoming important under the new management paradigm, such as climate change and ESG. Furthermore, while ESG pressure has a significant negative effect on non-financial performance, we find that it is a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between SMEs’ environmental management capabilities and non-financial performance, which has useful academic and practical implications for ESG and strategic management.