This research intends to find out the compliance acts based on the manufacturing industry of Bangladesh and lead to the development of the integrated theory of compliance model. There are several compliance regulations, that are separately dealt with in any manufacturing organization. These compliance regulations are handled at various ends of the organization making the process quite scattered, time-consuming, and tedious. To fix this problem, the integration of organizational compliance regulations is brought under one platform. Researchers have applied the qualitative approach with multiple case studies methodology scrutinizing the in-depth interviews and transcripts. Furthermore, the NVIVO tool has been used to analyze, where the necessary themes of the Organizational Compliance Regulations are found. Therefore, we have proposed a conceptual framework to inaugurate a standalone combined framework, which is an innovative and novel measure.

This paper studies the patent race problem of communication enterprises investing in communication technologies, and constructs a portfolio optimization model which considers the expected returns, investment risks, and replacement costs, in order to achieve the dual goals of maximizing the net investment income of backward enterprises and minimizing the expected investment risk. Through numerical experimental analysis, the optimal investment portfolio strategy under different risk levels and the impact of different risk levels on the net income of lagging company are obtained. The research results show that due to the backward research in the first stage of the backward enterprises, when their own investment decision-making power is relatively high, they can focus on the development of self-interested key technology areas in order to achieve the victory of the patent race.

While extensive research has explored interconnectedness, volatility spillovers, and risk transmission across financial systems, the comparative dynamics between Islamic and conventional banks during crises, particularly in specific regions such as Saudi Arabia, are underexplored. This study investigates risk transmissions and contagion among banks operating in Islamic and conventional modes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Daily banking stock data spanning November 2018 to November 2023, encompassing two major crises—COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukraine war—were analyzed. Using the frequency TVP-VAR approach, the study reveals that average total connectedness for both banking groups exceeds 50%, with short-run risk transmission dominating over long-term effects. Graphical visualizations highlight time-varying connectedness, driven predominantly by short-run spillovers, with similar patterns observed in both Islamic and conventional banking networks. The main contribution of this paper is the insight that long-term investment strategies are crucial for mitigating potential risks in the Saudi banking system, given its limited diversification opportunities.

The continuous escalation of social risks has exacerbated the challenges faced by aging urban communities. In this context, resilience building emerges as a critical approach, offering new perspectives and innovative solutions to address these issues. This paper applies the theories of risk society and resilience governance to establish an analytical framework for resilience governance, specifically examining the current status of resilience construction within the Jin Guang Men community in Xi’an. The findings indicate that resilience building within these aging urban communities is hindered by issues such as weak grassroots governance, deficient repair mechanisms, inadequate infrastructure, and a slow pace of information technology adoption. To effectively manage social risks, it is imperative to strengthen party leadership in governance, enhance community self-repair capacities, upgrade infrastructure, and accelerate the application of information technology. These measures are essential for bolstering the risk management capabilities of aging urban communities.

Complex security systems are designed to elevate physical security. Besides people’s first-hand experience of being secured, there is a secondary sensation of anxiety while being watched which should be given a particular emphasis. In this paper, first the Security & Happiness by Design Framework is proposed which is based on research findings in psychology. After a brief literature review on scholarly works addressing the intersection between security and psychology. The concept presented by HIBLISS, the Happiness Initiated Behaviour Led Intelligence Security System, underscores the integration of user well-being, behavioral analysis, and advanced technology within security frameworks. Specifically, the case study of the Jewel Airport in Singapore is cited to enhance the concept’s applicability, detailing its advantages and its role in a holistic risk assessment methodology.

Climate change has adverse effects on ecosystems and several socio-economic sectors including health. Indeed, infrastructure, continuity of medical services, and the hospital environment are all directly affected by the effects of climate-related risks. This study aims to describe the observations of the effects of climate change risks on health systems in the Greater Lomé health region of Togo. We used an interview guide and a questionnaire to collect information. The observations allowed us to assess the effects caused by climate risks. According to the results, 84.62% of respondents attest that health centers experience flooding during rainy periods and damage caused by strong winds is noticeable among 76.92% of respondents. More than 25.40% and 61.86% respectively of respondents mention that droughts and floods have effects on health systems. The results of this study will allow health system managers to become aware of how to plan useful actions to facilitate the management of climate-related risks in health facilities in the Greater Lomé health region. In view of all these results, it is necessary that measures be taken to strengthen the resilience of health systems through awareness campaigns and training of actors throughout the health pyramid.