This paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate overinvestment and management incentives, focusing particularly on the influence of different ownership structures. Utilizing agency theory and ownership structure theory, this study constructs a theoretical framework and posits hypotheses on how management incentives might influence corporate overinvestment behaviors under different ownership structures. Listed companies from 2010 to 2020 were selected as the research sample, and the hypotheses were empirically tested using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The findings suggest that a relatively concentrated ownership structure may encourage management to adopt more cautious investment strategies, thus reducing overinvestment behaviors; while under a dispersed ownership structure, the relationship between management incentives and overinvestment is more complex. This study provides new evidence on how management incentive mechanisms influence corporate decision-making in different ownership environments, offering significant theoretical and practical implications for improving internal control and incentive mechanisms.

By referring to relevant literature, we will deeply study the development of school sports in the early Republic of China, the rise of the New Culture Movement, the advocates and advocates of new culture, actively promote "new sports", and strive to overthrow the dregs of military nationalism education ideas and change the impact of Japanese gymnastics on school sports. With the outbreak of the "May Fourth Movement", the New Culture Movement not only had a greater impact on education and culture, but also accelerated the domestic political game to a certain extent, which ultimately led to the transformation of school physical education and the realization of Pragmatism education. In view of this, this article will start from an overview of the characteristics of school sports in the early Republic of China, focus on the analysis of the impact of the May Fourth New Culture Movement on the transformation of school sports in the early Republic of China, and then explore the incentives for the transformation of school sports under the May Fourth New Culture Movement, hoping to play a certain reference role.

In the governance mechanism of how to develop agricultural cooperatives in rural revitalization, incentive mechanisms are the most important part. The village work team mobilizes the supervisory initiative of employees through a good incentive mechanism, combining their goals with the organizational goals, and promoting the development of the team. Based on the theory of herd effect and the motivation mechanism of "Zhizhi Shuangfu", combined with case analysis, this article points out the problems of single incentive form, insufficient attraction of incentive methods, and insufficient skill training for members in the incentive mechanism of YS Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative. In response to these issues, corresponding improvement suggestions were proposed: developing multiple incentive mechanisms, establishing special reward mechanisms, and strengthening technical training for cooperative members.

This paper proposes an incentive model to involve communities and industries in effectively managing coastal waste in Makassar, Indonesia. The model seeks to incentivize stakeholders to invest in waste management solutions and enable public stakeholders to monitor and evaluate the progress of waste management activities. The model actively encourages participation from all stakeholders and builds upon existing efforts to promote environmental accountability. The proposed model includes several key components. It focused on public and private partnerships that should be fostered to coordinate stakeholder approaches and provide capital investment. It also focused on a financial reward scheme that should be adopted to incentivize businesses and individuals that invest in waste management initiatives. Performance bonus awards and tax incentives are proposed as possible incentive schemes. Lastly, a regulatory framework should be developed to ensure environmental standards are met and regulated. The framework should include regular reporting and auditing requirements and the implementation of penalties for those who fail to comply. The proposed incentive model seeks to engage stakeholders in effectively managing coastal waste in Makassar, Indonesia, through public and private incentive schemes.

Research issue: The study is driven by contemporary global challenges regarding the stability and efficiency of production processes, the necessity to enhance competitiveness, and ensuring workplace safety, which demands a systematic approach to monitoring and supervising adherence to labour discipline. The research is theoretical in nature. The aim/objective of the study is to analyse the specifics of state policy on supervision and control over employees’ adherence to labour discipline, the peculiarities of its practical implementation, and perspectives for improvement. Method: The study employed a logical-semantic method, analytical and documentary methods of analysis, and the method of expert assessment of labour discipline of employees and employers based on their evaluation of certain aspects of labour discipline. The research methodology included a sample size of 30 respondents, and the research instrument was expert evaluation. Data collection was conducted through surveys, and the calculation method was quantitative. Results: The article examines the impact of the main incentives and methods on ensuring labour discipline, determining their essence and forms of manifestation. It also considers the extent of application of each method in enterprise practices. It was found that economic methods are widely used and aimed at increasing employee motivation and maintaining their labour discipline. The analysis revealed that the main manifestations of employee labour discipline and managerial duties are differences in the perception of labour discipline by both parties. It was found that employers underestimate the productivity and abilities of employees, indicating potential systemic deficiencies in human resource management. Conversely, employees note that managers ignore their needs and problems. The results of the expert evaluation showed that employees rated their discipline higher than employers did. These discrepancies in evaluations could affect internal relations within the team and require managerial attention to improve interaction and cooperation. Conclusion: Based on the assessment of labour discipline, systemic deficiencies in human resource management were identified, highlighting the need for appropriate monitoring and employee motivation mechanisms. The study proposes innovative personnel management methods to ensure labour discipline in enterprises, including HR branding, team building, mentoring, and grading. It is proven that these approaches allow for the creation of a fundamentally new management system to ensure compliance with labour discipline and the development of professionalism and employee motivation.

With the development of economic globalization and integration, enterprises should survive and develop in the fierce market competition environment, need to enhance their own competitive ability, and human resources is the fundamental and key of enterprise competitiveness. In order to achieve the objectives of enterprise organization, we need to establish a sound performance appraisal system for employees and departments, and with effective incentive mechanism to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff and create potential to continuously improve the performance level. The traditional staff performance appraisal method cannot meet the needs of modern enterprises, the establishment of a basic sound, with enterprise characteristics, to a full range of staff performance appraisal method as the core of the performance management system, from different levels of personnel to collect evaluation information, multi-angle, the whole perspective of the staff to conduct a comprehensive performance appraisal, comprehensively enhance the level of human resources management. This paper mainly elaborates how the enterprises implement the performance appraisal, the performance to achieve the effect and properly handle the enterprise and the staff assessment and assessment of the relationship between the performance appraisal for the enterprise staff put forward some ideas and suggestions.