This quantitative study explores the influence of organizational culture on the turnover intentions of millennial employees within multinational corporations (MNCs) in Penang, Malaysia. As millennials increasingly comprise a substantial portion of the workforce, their turnover rates have significant implications for organizational efficacy. The research examined the relationship between key elements of organizational culture—namely employee empowerment, work-life balance, and reward systems—and millennials’ decisions to stay with or leave their employers. Data were gathered through a questionnaire distributed to 183 millennial employees in the Penang MNC sector, employing a random sampling approach and utilizing Google Forms for submission. The survey instruments were based on established scales from prior research to ensure robustness and relevance. The findings indicate that all the studied variables significantly affect turnover intentions, with employee empowerment emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by work-life balance, and then reward systems. These results underscore the critical role of organizational culture in shaping millennial turnover intentions. The study’s insights can guide MNCs in Penang to implement strategic initiatives aimed at fostering a positive work environment that emphasizes empowerment, balance, and appropriate rewards, thereby enhancing employee retention within this pivotal demographic. While this study provides detailed insights specific to the Malaysian context, its findings may serve as a preliminary reference point for MNCs in similar regional contexts, suggesting further research to explore the applicability of these insights globally.

This study analyses the long-run relationship between, and the direction and magnitude of impact of sectoral economic growth and fiscal capacity on government health expenditure. The study was carried out to validates the Wagner hypothesis from sectoral perspective and revenue-expenditure hypothesis for South Africa for the period 1984–2020. Fully modified least squares and dynamic least squares and canonical cointegration regression were used to achieve the objectives of the study. Empirical regression results showed that there is a negative impact of the secondary sector GDP on public health expenditure. Thus, invalidating the Wagner hypothesis and suggesting that secondary sector GDP cannot serves as an answer for public health expenditure. However, there was a positive relationship between tertiary sector GDP and public health expenditure. The study make case for unceasing provision of an enabling environment that continuously support growth of the tertiary sector.

Naturally occurring radionuclides can be categorized into two main groups: primordial and cosmogenic, based on their origin. Primordial radionuclides stem from the Earth’s crust, occurring either individually or as part of decay chains. Conversely, cosmogenic radionuclides originate from extraterrestrial sources such as space, the sun, and nuclear reactions involving cosmic radiation and the Earth’s atmosphere. Gamma-ray spectrometry is a widely employed method in Earth sciences for detecting naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Its applications vary from environmental radiation monitoring to mining exploration, with a predominant focus on quantifying the content of uranium (U), thorium (Th), and potassium (K) in rocks and soils. These elements also serve as tracers in non-radioactive processes linked to NORM paragenesis. Furthermore, the heat generated by radioactive decay within rocks plays a pivotal role in deciphering the Earth’s thermal history and interpreting data concerning continental heat flux in geophysical investigations. This paper provides a concise overview of current analytical and measuring techniques, with an emphasis on state-of-the-art mass spectrometric procedures and decay measurements. Earth scientists constantly seek information on the chemical composition of rocks, sediments, minerals, and fluids to comprehend the vast array of geological and geochemical processes. The historical precedence of geochemists in pioneering novel analytical techniques, often preceding their commercial availability, underscores the significance of such advancements. Geochemical analysis has long relied on atomic spectrometric techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS), renowned for its precision in analyzing solid materials, particularly major and trace elements in geological samples. XRFS proves invaluable in determining the major constituents of silicate and other rock types. This review elucidates the historical development and methodology of these techniques while showcasing their common applications in various geoscience research endeavors. Ultimately, this review aims to furnish readers with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts and potential applications of XRF, HPGes, and related technologies in geosciences. Lastly, future research directions and challenges confronting these technologies are briefly discussed.

Health data governance is essential for optimal processing of data collection, sharing, and reuse. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed practical guidelines for managing health data during the pandemic, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) found that many countries still lack the use of health data for decision-making. Therefore, this research aimed to identify and assess the challenges faced by health organization in implementing health data governance from various countries based on research articles. The challenges were assessed based on key components of health data governance from practitioner and scientist perspectives. These components include stakeholder, policy, data management, organization, data governance maturity assessment, and goals. The method used followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for collecting and reporting. Data were collected from several databases online with large repositories of academic studies, including IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, National Library of Medicine, ProQuest, Taylor and Francis Group, Scopus, and Wiley Online libraries. Based on the 41 papers reviewed, the results showed that policy was found to be the biggest challenge for health data governance. This was followed by data management such as quality, ownership, and access, as well as stakeholders and data governance organization. However, there were no challenges regarding maturity assessment and data governance goals, as the majority of research focused on implementation. Policy and policymaker awareness were identified as major components for the implementation of health data governance. To address challenges in data management and governance organization, creating committees focused on these components proved to be an effective solution. These results provided valuable recommendations for regulators and leaders in a healthcare organization to optimally implement health data governance.