The technology of vermicomposting containing their leachates, teas and other extracts such as vermiwash as a result of earthworm action is widely applied for safe management of agricultural, industrial, domestic and hospital wastes. Remediation of polluted soils, improving crop productivity and inducing the resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses are other advantages of vermicompost derived liquids when used in agriculture. Contrary to the fact that chemical fertilizers are still widely used in agriculture, societies gradually become aware of the negative effects of these fertilizers on their health. Therefore, vermicompost derived liquids contain high amount of valuable plant nutrients which has the potential to be used as liquid fertilizer. This paper reviews the potential of vermicompost derived liquids as as an efficient combination of nutrient source of vermicompost derived liquids contributing to plant growth and acting as a deterrent to biotic and abiotic stresses.

The low economic growth of Gorontalo province and the smallest PDRB ADHK in Indonesia are the reasons why this research needs to be carried out to look at the influence of the number of poor people, human development index and unemployment on economic growth in the districts/cities of Gorontolo Province, as a result, there is a mismatch between empirical and theoretical, this research was conducted to fill the information gap on how the three variables influence economic growth, This research was conducted to determine the effect of the number of poor people, the human development index. and unemployment on economic growth, research population data on the number of poor people, HDI, Unemployment, Economic growth, the sampling technique of this research is non-probability sampling, where the full sampling method is applied, Gorontalo Province with six regencies/cities is sampled in this research, with data taken in 2012–2021, the data analysis technique uses panel data regression, with three-panel data model estimates namely CEM, FEM, REM and model selection techniques, Chow test, Hausmant Test and Lagrange multiplie equipped with classical assumption tests and T hypothesis tests and F, the research Finding show that the number of poor people in the Regency/City of Gorontalo Province does not have a significant effect on economic growth in Gorontalo Province. Rice, which is the staple food for the people of Gorontalo, apart from rice, the high level of cigarette consumption among the people of Gorontalo, apparently also has an impact. large impact on the increase in the number of poor people, the human development index in the Regency/City of Gorontalo Province has a significant influence on the economic growth of Gorontalo Province where every increase that occurs in the HDI results in an increase in economic growth in Gorontalo Province, thirdly, the open unemployment rate in the Regency/City of Gorontalo Province does not have a significant effect on the economic growth of Gorontalo Province, conclusion of this research is only HDI affects economic growth in Gorontalo.

The nexus between foreign direct investment, natural resource endowment, and their impact on sustained economic growth, is contentious. This study investigates the resource curse hypothesis and the effects of FDI on economic growth in Kazakhstan. The study covers the period from 1990 to 2022 and employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Toda-Yamamoto causality methods. The Bounds cointegration results reveal the existence of long-term equilibria between per capita GDP and the predictors. The findings reveal a significant impact of oil rents on economic growth, contradicting the resource curse hypothesis and suggesting a resource boon instead. In stark contrast, the impact of FDI on Kazakhstan’s economic growth is found to be insignificant, despite the presence of a causal nexus. Furthermore, economic freedom and export diversification have a positive significant impact on economic growth, while inflation exhibits a negative but significant impact. Although governance has a direct impact on GDP per capita, it is deemed insignificant, as the negative average governance index implies poor governance. Expectedly, the result establishes a causal effect between export diversification, economic freedom, governance, oil rents, and economic growth. This underscores the fundamental role played by the interplay of diversification, economic freedom, governance, and oil rents in fostering sustainable economic growth. In addition, economic freedom stimulates gross fixed capital formation, indicating that it enhances domestic investment. Notably, the findings refute the crowding-out effect of FDI on domestic investment in Kazakhstan. Consequently, to escape the resource curse and the Dutch disease syndrome, the study advocates for enhancing good governance capabilities in Kazakhstan. Thus, we recommend that good governance could reconcile the twin goals of economic diversification and deriving benefits from oil resources, ultimately transforming oil wealth into a boon in Kazakhstan.

This research explores the role of social media in the political construction of identity, analyzing how these platforms mediate the expression and formation of individual and group political identities. The focus is on how social media changes the dynamics of communication and social interaction, facilitating the formation of “echo chambers” and increasing political polarization. Additionally, this study highlights challenges such as disinformation and the implications of social media for the health of democracy. As a researcher, I aim to highlight the broader implications of using social media in identity politics. By analyzing the impact of social media on political dynamics in Indonesia, this study reveals how social media influences public perception and political decisions. This study identifies how social media can be used as a tool to mobilize political support, but also how these platforms can spread disinformation and reinforce political polarization. Based on these concerns, researchers have not yet found research results that examine how social media specifically impacts the construction of political identity. This research aims to highlight how social media not only acts as a communication tool but also as a medium that influences the way individuals view and express their political identity. Through a qualitative approach, this study provides new insights into the impact of social media in contemporary political dynamics and the importance of digital literacy in addressing issues of identity politics in the digital era.