Since 2022, global geopolitical conflicts have intensified, and there has been a notable increase in the international community's demand for currency diversification. This has created a new opportunity for the internationalization of the Renminbi (RMB). This paper examines the factors influencing the internationalization of the RMB, with a particular focus on its role as a unit of account, medium of exchange and store of value. These functions are considered in conjunction with the digital technological innovation represented by e-CNY. The methodology employed is based on the vector autoregression (VAR) model, Granger causality test and variance decomposition analysis. The Granger causality test indicates that digital technology innovation is not the primary driver of RMB internationalization at this juncture. The impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis revealed that the impact and direction of influence exerted by the various factors on RMB internationalization exhibit considerable discrepancies.

This multiple case study qualitative research examined the impact of adoption and diffusion of innovation on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) growth in the hostile business landscape of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This research is intended to investigate research data and consequent findings based on an interview protocol that was purposefully developed from extant literature, complemented by an initial pilot study of two pharmaceutical SMEs. The researcher conducted 20 interviews, guided by the semi-structured interview protocol offered to the respondents beforehand after sorting their informed consent. The 20 participants represented the different hierarchal levels of the 08 case study of pharmaceutical from the two industrial clusters of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, located at the Hayatabad Industrial Estate, Peshawar, and the Rashkai Industrial Estate, Nowshera. The analysis of the data presented findings and corroborated the research propositions that those SMEs that are structurally entrepreneurial and adopt innovation amenably, are open to mobility and tourism, yield satisfactory results in terms of their growth as compared to those that are inertial and unentrepreneurial. Similarly, the results offer confirmation that the effectiveness of government agencies that are explicitly formed to address the problems of small businesses is insufficient. They rather create hindrances than assistance due to the excessive delays in approving innovative ideas and conceptions by these related organizations and ministries. Moreover, the proposed framework offers pragmatic recommendations to contextualize entrepreneurial culture and innovative structures in SMEs and their essential factors in critical environmental circumstances.

Artificial intelligence has transformed teachers’ teaching models. This article explores the application of artificial intelligence in basic education in Macao middle schools. This study adopts case analysis in qualitative research, using a total of eight cases from the innovative technology education platform of the Macau education and Youth Development Bureau. These data illustrate how Macao’s artificial intelligence technology promotes teaching innovation in basic education. These eight cases are closely related to the application of artificial intelligence in basic education in Macao. The survey results show that Macao’s education policy has a positive effect on teaching innovation in artificial intelligence education. In teaching practice, the school also cooperates with the government’s policy. The application of AI technology in teaching, students’ learning styles, changes in teachers’ roles, and new needs for teacher training are all influential.

The global agreement on environmentally friendly policies puts pressure on businesses to implement good practices to increase legitimacy in a competitive environment. This research aims to examine business dynamic capabilities and value creation processes through the concept of green dynamic marketing capabilities. This concept addresses the ability of businesses to absorb, manage information and accumulate new knowledge that fuels innovative endeavors. The dynamic capability view and customer value theory are integrated to theoretically explain the value creation process of market-orientated innovative products. A total of 58 global companies in Clean200 were sampled. A quantitative approach was conducted to measure the effect of organizational learning (environment management team, environment management training, environment supply chain management) on green innovation (environmental innovation score, eco design product). The results showed that the contribution of Model-1 (0.473 or 47.3%) explained the effect of organizational learning on environmental innovation score, respectively on the variables of environment management team (2.859/0.005), environment management training (−2.971/0.003), and environment supply chain management (7.786/0.000). The contribution of Model-2 (0.448/44.8%) explains the effect of organizational learning on eco-design product, respectively on the variables of environment management team (4.280/0.000), environment management training (−6.401/0.000), and environment supply chain management (7.910/0.000). Model-3 tested the structural association variables in organizational learning and green innovation. A significant influence can be seen with a probability value smaller than 0.05. This research shows that the concept of green dynamic marketing capabilities can be used to explain the ability of businesses in response to the pressure of green global norms through the development of organizational learning towards creation of green innovation product that has impact on market performance. The implication of this research is the creation of new mindset in which green global norms challenge becomes an opportunity for businesses to improve competitiveness.

This study investigates the intricate relationship between a nation’s GDP growth rate and three key variables: the number of granted patents, research and development (R&D) expenditure, and education expenditure. The purpose of the research is to discern the impact of these factors on GDP growth rates. Drawing on theoretical frameworks, including Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), and Canonical Correlation Regression (CCR) techniques, the paper employs a robust methodological approach to unveil insights into the dynamics of economic growth. Contrary to conventional assumptions, the results reveal a negative correlation between R&D expenditure and GDP growth rate. In contrast, the number of patents granted and education expenditure shows a positively significant effect on the GDP growth rate, underscoring the pivotal roles of intellectual property creation and education investment in fostering economic growth. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a nuanced understanding of these relationships for policymakers. The research’s implications highlight the need for balanced investments in innovation and education. The originality and value of this study lie in its unique findings challenging established beliefs about the impact of R&D expenditure on economic growth.

Our previous research on social innovation examined the process, levels, and stakeholders of social innovation, as well as its relationship with technical and technological innovation. The present study analyzes the spatial image created by the social innovation potential and investigates its relationship with the economic power of the neighborhoods. The most important conclusion of the study is that the basic territorial inequality dimensions are the same in the case of both the social innovation potential and the district’s economic strength. The difference is primarily to be found in concentration, as economic power is much more concentrated in the capital and the most important economic and tourism centers than the social innovation potential. We can therefore state that developments based on social innovation can solve a lot of the highly concentrated spatial structure in Hungary.