The growth of mobile Internet has facilitated access to information by minimizing geographical barriers. For this reason, this paper forecasts the number of users, incomes, and traffic for operators with the most significant penetration in the mobile internet market in Colombia to analyze their market growth. For the forecast, the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique is used, combined with the recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory network (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) techniques. The CNN training data corresponds to the last twelve years. The results currently show a high concentration in the market since a company has a large part of the market; however, the forecasts show a decrease in its users and revenues and the growth of part of the competition. It is also concluded that the technique with the most precision in the forecasts is CNN-GRU.

The food industry progressively requires innovative and environmentally safe packaging materials with increased physical, mechanical, and barrier properties. Due to its unique properties, cellulose has several potential applications in the food industry as a packaging material, stabilizing agent, and functional food ingredient. A coffee pod is a filter of cellulosic, non-rigid, ready-made material containing ground portions and pressed coffee prepared in dedicated machines. In our study, we obtained, with homogenization and sonication, cellulose micro/nanoparticles from three different coffee pods. It is known that nanoparticulate systems can enter live cells and, if ingested, could exert alterations in gastrointestinal tract cells. Our work aims to investigate the response of HT-29 cells to cellulose nanoparticles from coffee pods. In particular, the subcellular effects between coffee-embedded nanocellulose (CENC) and cellulose nanoparticles (NC) were compared. Finally, we analysed the pathologic condition (Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) from Campylobacter jejuni) on the same cells conditioned by NC and CENC. We evidenced that, for the cellular functional features analysed, NC and CENC pre-treatments do not worsen cell response to the C. jejuni CDT, also pointing out an improvement of the autophagic flux, particularly for CENC preconditioning.

The main objective of the study is to discuss the application of a participatory approach that involves the community of a small rural area in Italy to develop and maintain a sustainable local food system based on a very ancient and high-quality typical local bean. The efficacy of the approach in terms of the active involvement of local actors (farming communities, local administration, social associations, and civil society) and knowledge transfer for preserving the local food culture has been demonstrated. Possible improvements to the approach through digital technologies for stimulating the effective engagement of teenagers have also been discussed.

In order to seek management alternatives for anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.), at the Tibaitatá Research Center of the Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation AGROSAVIA (formerly CORPOICA), an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of the major elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on infections of the fungus C. gloeosporioides strain-52. For this purpose, a randomized complete block design was used with an arrangement of treatments in an orthogonal central composite design. To evaluate the relationship of fertilization levels and disease severity, an artificial inoculation was made on thorny blackberry stems using 0.5 cm mycelial discs at a concentration of 9.53 × 104 conidia. Observations consisted of: disease severity (S), incubation period (IP) and rate of development (r). Data analysis was done by the cluster method on the severity variable, a Pearson correlation analysis between variables, as well as a regression to estimate the effect of nutrients applied on the severity of C. gloeosporioides strain-52. The treatments were concentrated in four groups with the ranges (in parentheses) S (15.9% and 91.8%), PI (9 and 15.3) and Tr (0.0254 and 0.0468). A positive and significant correlation was observed between S and r (P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between PI with S and r (P < 0.001). By means of regression analysis, a linear model was generated that showed a reduction in disease severity with increasing N dose and an increase with the levels of P and Ca applied.

In order to strengthen the study of soil-landscape relationships in mountain areas, a digital soil mapping approach based on fuzzy set theory was applied. Initially, soil properties were estimated with the regression kriging (RK) method, combining soil data and auxiliary information derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite images. Subsequently, the grouping of soil properties in raster format was performed with the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm, whose final product resulted in a fuzzy soil class variation model at a semi-detailed scale. The validation of the model showed an overall reliability of 88% and a Kappa index of 84%, which shows the usefulness of fuzzy clustering in the evaluation of soil-landscape relationships and in the correlation with soil taxonomic categories.

Due to its physicochemical properties, nanoparticles titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) is being put into mass production and widespread applications, which inevitably results in their increasing exposure to the water body. After it entering the water body, the chemical properties of nTiO₂ can be influenced by ion compositions, ion strength and pH, which affects their ecological risk. Excess of ammonium (NH₄⁺) fertilizer has contaminated soil and water environments. In this paper, the Zeta potentials and hydrodynamic radius of nTiO₂ were studied in NH₄⁺ solution compared to those in Na⁺ solution. In addition, the sedimentation rate of nTiO₂ was also investigated. The experiment results show that high pH inhibits the sedimentation of nTiO₂. Moreover, NH₄⁺ increases the stability of nTiO₂ more than Na⁺ at the same IS, which was attributed the more negative Zeta potentials and the smaller hydraulic radius. Our results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the ecological risk of nTiO₂ in aqueous solution containing NH₄⁺.