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Feb 1, 2024

Modeling and simulation of liquid metal battery (LMB) materials development using statistical package for social sciences (S.P.S.S.)

There are a number of input parameters that are considered in relation to the stimulatory possibility of constructing a Liquid Metal Battery (LMB). This paper talks about the modeling approach possible for use in LMB research work. Equivalent Circuit Modeling (ECM) is the most common method used to analyze input data or parameters. In analyzing some of the basic elements, such as electrical capacitance, electrical resistance, open circuit voltage, terminal voltage, temperature, time response, time constants, State of Charge (SOC), etc., the cell impedance could be calculated by predicting the system elements that would play key roles in the determination of the parameter identification method for the battery’s Equivalent Circuit Model. Secondly, each element in the model has a known behaviour, which mainly depends on the element type and the values of the parameters that characterize that element. In EIS software, the Graphical Model Editor could be used to build an equivalent circuit model, or the befitting model could be carefully and properly selected. Thirdly, in fitting the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) to the initial data or parameters, one must take note that the parameters are strongly dependent on temperature, heat, and losses. Such are: the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV), which is strongly dependent on the temperature, the loss processes depend on temperature; losses produced by the loss processes are dissipated as heat energy; the heat generated or consumed by the electrochemical reactions during normal operation has a defined temperature; and a system with a defined temperature window with safe, stable, and efficient operation is achievable. At the end of this research, the simulation of Lithium (Li) and Cadmium (Cd) was found to be in the proportion of 67:33, which is used to determine the strength of the reactivity of the metals. It can be informed in this article that the Bi and Li chemical compositions of the metals are equal to 49 for Li and 51 for Bismuth, which makes the overall reactivity very high, which could be used for LMB development.

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Feb 4, 2024

Residue dissipation kinetics, safety evaluation and decontamination of Deltamethrin in tomato and the soil

Tomato powdery mildew, fruit rot, and twig blight are all managed with Deltamethrin. Its residues could still be present in the crops, posing a health risk. The pesticide residue analysis, dissipation rate, and safety assessments were thus examined in green tomatoes. The analytical method for residue analysis was validated according to international standards. Tomato fruits and soil were used to study the dissipation of Deltamethrin 100 EC (11% w/w) at 12.5 g a.i ha⁻¹ for the recommended dose (RD) and 25.0 g a.i ha⁻¹ for the double of the recommended dose (DD). Ethyl acetate was used to extract residues from tomato fruit, and PSA and magnesium sulphate were used for cleanup.The fruits had recoveries ranging from 83% to 93% and the soil sample from 81.67% to 89.6%, with the limit of detection (LOQ) estimated at 0.01 mg kg⁻¹. The matrix effect (ME) was calculated to be less than 20% for the tomato fruits and the soil.Half-lives for RD and DD were 1.95 and 1.84 days, respectively. All sampling days for both doses had dietary exposures of residues below the maximum permissible intake (MPI) of 0.16 mg person⁻¹ day⁻¹. The most effective method of decontaminating tomato residue containing Deltamethrin is blanching.

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Feb 4, 2024

True hybridity analysis using genome-wide hypervariable SSR markers in pomegranate

A total of 25 SSR primers were screened on 37 putative F₁s derived from the five different crosses. Identified cross specific highly informative SSRs primers, i.e., 14 for the first cross, 10 for the second, 12 for the third and 6 each for fourth and fifth crosses. For the first cross Bhagwa × Daru 17, four primers (HvSSRT_375, NRCP_SSR9, NRCP_SSR12 and NRCP_SSR92) were found to be highly informative with higher 100% hybrid purity index (HPI), PIC (~0.52), and observed heterozygosity (Ho, range 0.87–0.93) values, and two F₁s namely H₁ and H₂ were found to be highly heterotic with a heterozygosity index (HI) of 92.85%. Similarly, for Bhagwa × Nana, three primers (HvSSRT_375, HvSSRT_605 and NRCP_SSR19) had higher HPI (70%–100%), PIC (0.52–0.69), and Ho (0.75–0.33) values, and three F₁s H₁, H₂, and H₄ had 70% (HI). For Bhagwa × IC318712, four SSRs (HvSSRT_254, HvSSRT_348, HvSSRT_826 and NRCP_SSR95) had higher Ho (~0.83), HPI (100%) and PIC (~0.52) values, and four F₁s H₂, H₇, H₉, and H₁₀ showed 91.66% (HI). For Bhagwa × Nayana, HvSSRT_605, HvSSRT_826, and HvSSRT_432, and for Ganesh × Nayana, HVSSRT_375, HVSSRT_605, and HvSSRT_826 were found informative. These markers will be highly useful in developing maps of populations.