This study used quantitative methods to examine the correlation between adaptive learning technology and cognitive flexibility in kids receiving special education. The study included a cohort of 120 kids, ages 8–12, who were diagnosed with particular learning difficulties, ADHD, or autism spectrum disorder. Cognitive flexibility was evaluated using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), while the utilization of adaptive learning technologies was quantified using self–report questionnaires. The data was analyzed using several statistical methods, such as independent samples t-tests, regression, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. The findings revealed a noteworthy and favorable correlation between the utilization of adaptive technology and the scores of cognitive flexibilities. This correlation remained significant even after accounting for demographic characteristics. Moreover, it was shown that the diagnostic status had a moderating effect on the correlation between the utilization of adaptive technology and cognitive flexibility. The results emphasize the capacity of adaptive learning technologies to improve cognitive flexibility abilities in kids with special needs, offering significant knowledge for educators, legislators, and technology developers.

This study delves into the nuanced impact of leadership styles on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) performance in Northeast China. It aims to discern how transformational, transactional, and authoritative leadership approaches influence organizational outcomes, framed within the context of sustainable leadership theory. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research analyzes survey data from employees across various SOEs to assess the relationship between leadership styles and company performance, including aspects such as job satisfaction, employee motivation, and operational efficiency. The findings reveal a clear dichotomy: transformational and transactional leadership styles positively correlate with improved performance metrics, fostering an environment of innovation, motivation, and job satisfaction. Conversely, authoritative leadership is shown to detrimentally affect these same metrics, potentially hindering organizational growth and employee morale. This research contributes to the broader discourse on leadership and organizational performance by highlighting the critical role of leadership style in enhancing the sustainable development of SOEs, particularly within China’s socio-political and economic fabric. Practical implications suggest a shift towards more adaptive, employee-centered leadership approaches to spur performance and sustainability in SOEs. The originality of this study lies in its specific focus on the Chinese context, offering insights into the leadership dynamics within SOEs and proposing actionable strategies for fostering leadership that align with sustainability and organizational excellence principles.

This study explores the critical role of the retail sector in the global economy and the importance of working capital management within retail businesses. Recognizing retail’s influence beyond just income generation, the research examines its impact on economic stability, job creation, and national GDP, and how it links industries such as manufacturing and logistics. Employing a blended-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative analysis using AMOS software with qualitative insights from interviews with financial managers and retail experts. Key focus areas include cash flow management, market demand, and supplier relationship management in the context of working capital management. Findings highlight the necessity of effective working capital management in maintaining financial stability, optimizing shareholder wealth, and ensuring long-term business viability in the retail sector. Strategies for enhancing profitability, such as improving supplier relationships and adapting to market demands, are identified. This research contributes to understanding the economic impact of the retail sector and the intricacies of working capital management. It offers insights for policymakers, retail managers, and academics, emphasizing the need for supportive retail industry measures and effective financial management practices. The study fills a gap in literature and sets a foundation for future research in this critical area of economic studies and retail management.

This article explores a method for evaluating the achievement of learning effectiveness based on virtual reality technology. The research analyzed the design and construction of a virtual learning environment, data collection of learner behavior, data analysis and evaluation methods, evaluation indicators and personalized feedback, as well as a case study of a virtual learning evaluation system. By using virtual reality technology to create an immersive learning environment, learners can gain an immersive learning experience, and evaluators can accurately record learners' behavior and performance. The learning effectiveness evaluation method based on virtual reality technology can improve learning effectiveness and teaching quality, promote educational innovation and development. These research results are of great significance for the evaluation of virtual learning effectiveness and personalized teaching in the field of education.

The scientificity and truthfulness of Marxist theory are crucial aspects of our research. To gain a comprehensive understanding, it is essential to examine Marxism within a reference frame and comparative perspective. In this regard, exploring Marx's critique of Proudhonism becomes significant, as it provides insights into the ideological transformations he achieved. Proudhonism, a small bourgeoisie socialism and anarchism that emerged in France in the 1840s and spread across Western Europe in the 1850s-1860s, had intricate connections with Marxism. This analysis not only broadens our research horizon but also holds practical implications for today's society. Thus, our research holds both theoretical and practical significance.

Since the external environment on a global level is very unstable, recovering from various unexpected shocks becomes a challenging question for all countries. Thus, for each country it is necessary to understand its weaknesses and threats. Further, the preparation for any level of uncertainty in various fields must be imperative. Even for the most unpredictable shocks such as pandemic, cyberthreat, or even war. The aim of the article is to evaluate the state resilience of the Baltic States by creating the national resilience index. A state’s resilience is based on four pillars: economic, social, good governance, and defence. The methodology is based the SAW method, data has been collected from NATO and Eurostat databases. As the result of the study, resilience index has been estimated for each year from 2015 to 2022. Results revealed vulnerability and problematic areas of each country.