Both China and Korea have a rich culture of Chinese New Year, and there are similarities and differences between the customs of the two countries. The festival culture, as the essence of a country's culture, not only reflects the cultural connotation of the whole nation , but also reflects people's living standard to a certain extent. This paper discusses the similarities and differences of Chinese and Korean Spring Festival culture through a comparative analysis of Chinese and Korean Spring Festival culture, and proposes strategies for teaching Chinese Spring Festival culture in Chinese to Korean in order to help people better understand and pass on Chinese and Korean Spring Festival culture.

Management education in health service industry is essential to enhance systems performance and should offer a broad curriculum that contain the context of practice, research awareness and skills of critical appraisal, a grounding in a range of disciplines and a reflective approach towards general management skill. With the improvement of living standard and significant growth of aging population, there is an obvious gap between health service coverage and the demand in China, especially the shortage of workforce with professional health service management knowledge. The objective of this essay is to compare the element of health service management education in China and British.

The rapid progress of information technology has made public online participation in policy formulation an inevitable product of modern government reshaping and reconstruction. However, compared with developed countries, citizens’ online participation in policy formulation in China started relatively late. Thus, in order to explore an effective and efficient method for Chinese citizens’ participation in policy formulation, this research made a brief review of the experiences from the typical developed country of United States of America at first, followed by some other developed countries such as Singapore, South Korea, and Japan in Asia with similar situations. Still, combined with the current situation of the China itself into consideration, this research further proposes targeted recommendations. It is expected that the findings in this research could provide some references for the Chinese government to form more effective and efficient theoretical frameworks targeted at the future development trends of the Chinese society and accordingly, to improve the construction of democracy in China.

This study explores the marginalization of a poor fishing community in Gwadar, Pakistan. The study provides an insight into how different levels of power, such as hidden, visible/pluralist, and invisible ideological powers, are used in policy arenas to hinder fishers’ access to participatory spaces, decision-making, and resource use. By employing Gaventa’s power cubes analytical model, we analyze fishers’ experiences and prevailing scenarios. Qualitative research methods were used to collect data, including in-depth interviews and participant observation. The finding shows that the interests of the fishing community in fishery policies and ongoing development projects are excluded both with intention and unintentionally. The exclusion of the local fisher community from key spaces brings interruptions and transformations that influence their lives. Due to this, they are induced to join insurgent groups to confront exclusion-based policies in Gwadar, Pakistan.

Private states (also referred to as “micronations”) are unique cultural and creative products that involve political, economic, and cultural factors tied to individuals, groups, and specific social contexts. From ancient settlers establishing overseas colonies to modern digital virtual state projects, the forms and operational methods of private states have continuously evolved and innovated. The successful marketing of private states is often accompanied by the creation of narrative elements, such as their histories, constitutions, national flags, and coats of arms, constructing a grand narrative that attracts consumers, in line with the theory of monogatari consumption. As symbolic cultural products, these states not only possess material attributes but, more importantly, also embody cultural experiences and emotional value. Therefore, the significance of studying private states lies in elucidating how they present and operate their unique worldviews and cultural atmospheres to attract participation.

The rapid expansion of smart cities has led to the widespread deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time data collection and urban optimization. However, these interconnected systems face critical cybersecurity risks, including data tampering, unauthorized access, and privacy breaches. This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework designed to enhance the security, integrity, and resilience of IoT data in smart city environments. Leveraging a private blockchain, the system ensures decentralized, tamper-proof data storage, and transaction verification through digital signatures and a lightweight Proof of Work consensus mechanism. Smart contracts are employed to automate access control and respond to anomalies in real time. A Python-based simulation demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness in securing IoT communications. The system supports rapid transaction validation with minimal latency and enables timely detection of anomalous patterns through integrated machine learning. Evaluations show that the framework maintains consistent performance across diverse smart city components such as transportation, healthcare, and building security. These results highlight the potential of the proposed solution to enable secure, scalable, and real-time IoT ecosystems for modern urban infrastructures.