This paper aims to explore the issue of human actions in Islamic thought, focusing on the various stances regarding determinism, free will, and the intermediate position between them. This topic is linked to an ontological question: What are the limits of human responsibility for their actions? Our view is that the different positions on human actions reflect the presence of pluralism within Islamic thought, specifically through the discipline of Islamic theology (kalām). The difference in positions about the human actions within the science of theology expresses the vitality of Islamic thought and its appreciation of the right to differ between theological schools such as the Mu’tazila, Shi’a, and Sunnis, especially in an era dominated by the rationalism of Mu’tazila thought influenced by the methodology of Greek philosophical thought. This difference was recognized, especially in the third and fourth centuries AH/ninth and tenth centuries AD. We consider this difference in discussing the subject of the human actions as evidence of the principle of pluralism in Islam, which allows us to speak of the existence of a significant degree of intellectual tolerance, a subject that has not been studied to date. The prevailing view in studies today on this subject is that the theological groups accuse each other of unbelief, which is a mistaken position, because the saying of unbelief did not appear until after the fourth century AH/tenth century AD when transmission, reliability, and conservatism prevailed in Islamic thought. In addressing this issue, we examine three major stances on human actions as represented by three theological schools: The Mu’tazila (who advocated free will in human actions), the Jabriya (who advocated determinism in human actions), and the Ash’ariyya (who upheld the theory of acquisition). Once this is accomplished, we will explore the philosophy of pluralism in Islam through the lens of kalām. The most important conclusion we reached is that the debate on human actions opened, by the mid-4th century AH/10th century CE, an intellectual horizon that laid the foundations for pluralism in Islamic theological discussions. However, this horizon was soon closed due to various factors, which we have discussed throughout the paper.

Major principles of organizational management like unity of command and unity of direction are quite important to foster co-ordination and efficiency in organizations. Since Islamic management is an offshoot of the modern Western management theories these principles have considerable relevance to Islamic management as well. This paper aims to discover how Islamic principles can solve modern problems of organizational management in order to demonstrate an interdependent system that teaches ethics and management. This paper attempts to offer an analytical discussion regarding Islamic views on the challenges that emerge regarding the need for cohesion in managing any organization. On the basis of a conceptual review, it highlights how unity of command and unity of direction can influence inspiring better management at all levels positively. Such clarification tries to elicit the Islamic interpretation that may lead to increased workforce commitment due to their motivation emanating from religion, contribute principles that will benefit the value addition process of labor and management’s decision-making process towards wider organizational goals, and enrich literature on management from Islamic principles and thoughts. This text succinctly examines the principles of unity of command and unity of direction that promote the development of management work ethics and the implications of Islamic management. The paper reviews the principles of unity of command and unity of direction as derived from The Holy Qur’an and Hadith, and examines various empirical studies conducted in different countries. These discussions subsequently bring out that the Islamic approach is comprehensive and practically relevant in the interest of present-day organizations. The paper concludes that intention and purity of hearts, regardless of the leadership styles of management, will direct the leaders and workforce to continually strive hard and give their best in their organizational management functions.

This research examines the interplay between human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge within Islamic thought, using insights from the Quran. It explores how Islamic epistemology emphasizes the harmonious integration of divine revelation and human reason, underscoring the importance of knowledge as a key factor in both intellectual and spiritual development. By analyzing the contributions of classical Islamic scholars, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, alongside Western epistemological traditions, the study highlights complementary and contrasting approaches to understanding knowledge and its role in shaping ethics and governance. Furthermore, the research draws on contemporary case studies, such as the Marrakesh Declaration and Masdar City, to illustrate how Quranic principles of cooperation, justice, and environmental stewardship can inform modern societal frameworks. Ultimately, the study argues for the continued relevance of Islamic thought in addressing contemporary global challenges, emphasizing that the pursuit of knowledge not only advances scientific discovery but also promotes human dignity, justice, and societal well-being.

This cross-sectional study examines the knowledge, perception, and practice of health professions students and academics in Jordan concerning halal pharmaceuticals. Health professions students and academics from various universities in Jordan were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential tests to identify factors affecting knowledge, perception, and practice. Participants had a high level of awareness regarding general halal and haram concepts, but there was relatively lower awareness of the term “halal pharmaceuticals” and detailed information about non-halal ingredients. Knowledge scores varied between students and academics, with academics scoring higher. Participants exhibited positive perceptions, acknowledging the importance of knowledge about halal pharmaceuticals and patients’ rights to inquire about medication sources and ingredients. Concerns were raised about the potential controversy surrounding the topic. This research contributes to understanding the role of halal pharmaceuticals in healthcare, particularly in predominantly Muslim countries. The findings highlight the importance of integrating education on halal pharmaceuticals into healthcare curricula, emphasizing patient-centered care, and addressing cultural and religious sensitivity. There is a need for tailored educational approaches and sensitivity training to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.

Islamic based low-cost private school facing a suffer from a lack of new students due to the incapability to adapt to current condition. They are already “lost in the competition” with other school. This quality also includes the inability of the low-cost private schools to adapt with technology and change. Another finding is that low-cost private schools struggling in managing the funding and management. Low-cost private high school has become a key support in ensuring the fulfilment 12-year compulsory education stated by Indonesian Education Law. With only 40 percent of the total population able to attend public schools, the government as well as the private sector needs to accommodate affordable private schools to meet the need of high schools in Jakarta. Low-cost private schools become essential in providing the gap between the need of schools from the total population of students and the availability of the public school. The previous study highlighted organizational agility with the mediation of Islamic Work Ethic can be achieved through leadership capability and organizational culture, whilst several studies also suggest that Islamic Work Ethics or Istiqamah have no impact in promoting organizational agility. This research conducted in 2022–2023 encompassed 133 low-cost private high school in Jakarta in which all of them are Islamic low-cost private high school. The finding of this study is that school principal leadership capabilities and school culture are positively affect school agility with Istiqamah as mediated variable.

Islamic banking is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the financial industry. Several works have been written in this field, but none attempt to learn the entire Islamic banking and financial system. Furthermore, the study could not locate any publications investigating the conceptual and intellectual foundations of this emerging field of inquiry. The current study uses bibliometric methodologies to assess the current state of Islamic banking, financial research, and the upcoming trends. For the people who choose interest-free investments, the current research examines a conceptual research context on Islamic banking and finance at various planning and decision-making stages. One thousand research studies appearing in scholarly journals between 2005 and 2023 were reviewed for the purpose. In order to examine the works on Islamic banking and finance, bibliometric techniques were used, including analysis of citation network, content, co-citation, keyword, and publishing trends. By suggesting thirteen clusters, to enhance research on Islamic banking and finance to help interest-free investors learn more, the goal of the research is to promote the body of knowledge. The field of Islamic banking and finance has grown from a young lot to a prominent teaching and research tool. Investigating and identifying current research trends in this area is crucial. As institutions and society are placing more emphasis on Islamic banking to raise individual citizens’ responsibilities in developing interest-free investing strategies, the findings are crucial to the community of interest-free financiers. Further research urges with the studies not restricted to a thousand researches only.