“Bidirectional Empowerment” presents opportunities for the enhancement of practical teaching in real estate programs at vocation_x005fal colleges. However, through practical research, it has been observed that there are prominent issues in practical teaching practices within the context of Bidirectional Empowerment, such as insufficient practical teaching equipment and imperfect design of practical course systems. In response to these issues, this study proposes measures to improve practical teaching equipment and optimize the construction of practical teaching course systems.

This study aims to explore the application strategies of Fromm’s expectancy theory in secondary school teaching. By analyzing the basic connotations of expectancy theory and its applicability in the field of education, a series of specific strategies are proposed to stimulate students’ learning motivation and enhance their self-directed learning abilities. Expectancy theory emphasizes that individual behavior is influenced by both expected outcomes and the likelihood of their achievement, providing a new perspective and theoretical basis for secondary school teaching reform.