In the era of globalization and advanced information transparency, competition between companies has become increasingly fierce due to the large number of products and services that have similar characteristics. This situation creates a competitive and dynamic business climate, where companies must adapt quickly to the changes that occur. This study investigates the impact of servant leadership on employee performance at Mandiri In health, focusing on employee engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior as relevant mediating variables. The study used a proportionate stratified random sampling method to determine the sample of respondents, which ultimately consisted of 206 individuals who were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The main findings of the study show that servant leadership has a significant direct influence on employee performance, employee engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the company. This indicates that service-oriented leadership practices not only influence individual performance, but also contribute to employee volunteering and active engagement in the organization. Employee engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior affect employee performance directly, there is no evidence that servant leadership affects employee performance indirectly through the mediation of employee engagement. There is an indication that Organizational Citizenship Behavior acts as a mediator between servant leadership and employee performance, indicating the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in facilitating the positive relationship between leadership and performance. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how leadership strategies can significantly contribute to the achievement of organizational goals in a competitive business environment.

Given the multifaceted nature of crime trends shaped by a range of social, economic, and demographic variables, grasping the fundamental drivers behind crime patterns is pivotal for crafting effective crime deterrence methodologies. This investigation adopted a systematic literature review technique to distill thirty key factors from a corpus of one hundred scholarly articles. Utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for diminishing dimensionality facilitated a nuanced understanding of the determinants deemed essential in influencing crime trends. The findings highlight the necessity of tackling issues such as inequality, educational deficits, poverty, unemployment, insufficient parental guidance, and peer influence in the realm of crime prevention efforts. Such knowledge empowers policymakers and law enforcement bodies to optimize resource allocation and roll out interventions grounded in empirical evidence, thereby fostering a safer and more secure societal environment.

The Cisadane Watershed is in a critical state, which has expanded residential areas upstream of Cisadane. Changes in land use and cover can impact a region’s hydrological characteristics. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a hydrological model that can simulate the hydrological characteristics of the watershed affected by land use. This study aims to evaluate the impact of land use change on the hydrological characteristics of the Cisadane watershed using SWAT under different land use scenarios. The models were calibrated and validated, and the results showed satisfactory agreement between observed and simulated streamflow. The main river channel is based on the results of the watershed delineation process, with the watershed boundary consisting of 85 sub-watersheds. The hydrological characteristics showed that the maximum flow rate (Q max) was 12.30 m³/s, and the minimum flow rate (Q min) was 5.50 m³/s. The study area’s distribution of future land use scenarios includes business as usual (BAU), protecting paddy fields (PPF), and protecting forest areas (PFA). The BAU scenario had the worst effect on hydrological responses due to the decreasing forests and paddy fields. The PFA scenario yielded the most favourable hydrological response, achieving a notable reduction from the baseline BAU in surface flow, lateral flow, and groundwater by 2%, 7%, and 2%, respectively. This was attributed to enhanced water infiltration, alongside increases in water yield and evapotranspiration of 3% and 15%, respectively. l Therefore, it is vital to maintain green vegetation and conserve land to support sustainable water availability.