This article aims to analyze the role of the Medan City Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) in shaping harmony in digital literacy-based virtual communities. FKUB has a central role as an institution that ensures that the aspirations and interests of religious communities can be accommodated effectively. In addition to making real improvements, FKUB also initiated its moderating role through the digital realm. This research adopts a qualitative method using a phenomenological approach. Primary data was obtained through interactions with key informants, while secondary data sources involved articles, books, reportage related to the context of the research theme. Data collection was conducted through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman analysis model with the steps of data coding, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that FKUB initiated digital literacy-based religious moderation through two development communication models. The first model is a linear model where FKUB acts as a community educator. The second model is a participatory model that is usually uploaded on Instagram, FaceBook and Youtube social media. This model allows the community to comment and have two-way communication with the FKUB. Both models are oriented towards creating collective intelligence as an indicator of building virtual harmony. Through digital literacy-based development communication, FKUB can be a mediator in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s), namely: Peace, justice and strong institutions, as well as promoting equality and reducing inequality.

While some conflict can serve as a more sophisticated stimulus to student achievement, significant or unresolved conflict can delay or even frustrate even the best-planned curriculum. The aim of our study is to get a clear picture of the conflicts with whom and to what extent the international students studying on our campuses have conflicts that affect their performance, and how they can manage them. In our study, based on a questionnaire survey (n = 480), we revealed that the international students at our university have the most conflicts with other foreign students, and the least with Hungarians, including their teachers. On the other hand, we found that according to the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Instrument, they solve their problems by the Compromising and Accommodating style. The results obtained by detailed socio-demographic aspects show significant differences, mainly between gender, age, and country groups. Knowledge of the revealed facts and connections can offer conscious and careful solutions to understand and reduce tensions, and this can improve the understanding and management of conflict in the classroom, in collaborative projects, and even in non-teaching environments on campuses.

The emergence of modern new technology, 3D printing technology, has attracted the attention of various sectors of society and gradually has a widespread impact on the education industry. In the current teaching of "mechanical design", on the basis of understanding 3D printing technology, university teachers urgently need to think about how to reasonably introduce this technology to innovate the teaching mode of "mechanical design". In this regard, this article analyzes the current situation of the "Mechanical Design" major through the initial introduction of 3D printing, elaborates on the advantages of applying 3D printing technology in the "Mechanical Design" teaching mode, and puts forward application suggestions. It is hoped that this can promote the exploration of the educational philosophy of 3D printing in the "Mechanical Design" teaching mode.

This study explores the factors affecting dentists’ willingness to use social media in their practices, examining how consumer behavior influences their adoption decisions. Despite the growing use of social media across industries, its adoption in dentistry remains relatively underexplored. As investments in digital technologies increase, understanding dentists’ intentions to integrate social media becomes crucial, especially considering the evolving consumer behavior patterns in healthcare. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and factoring in patient pressures, this study analyzes data from 209 respondents through SPSS and Smart PLS 4.0. The results offer valuable insights for dentists, highlighting the benefits of social media integration, and justifying investments in these platforms to align with changing consumer expectations. The study also discusses its limitations and suggests future research directions to further explore social media adoption in dentistry and its potential to drive economic growth within the sector.

This paper provides a concise historical analysis of the political economy of privatization in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia from the 1980s to 2007, a period that witnessed the emergence of privatization as a primary policy tool to reform the public sector. The paper examines the influence of political history, macroeconomic considerations, and International Development Agencies (IDAs) on the early privatization processes in these North African countries. Despite shared developmental trajectories, internal and external factors had a significant impact on the outcomes of economic liberalization. The paper aims to answer the following key questions: What were the underlying political-economic factors driving privatization, and how successful was it in achieving the promised economic growth? Through a focused analysis of each country’s contextual factors, privatization processes, and outcomes, the paper contributes valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics shaping privatization in developing countries.