The achievement of sustainable development in Kenya has been hindered by the prevalence of HIV. The effects of HIV on sustainable development have been given less academic attention. HIV prevalence prevents people from achieving good health and well-being, which then makes them unable to conduct activities that lead to sustainable economic growth. The paper found that the prevalence of HIV causes economic hardship, destroys human capital development and human resources by reducing life expectancy and increasing mortality rates. It was equally found that the prevalence of HIV undermines social stability and mobility, reduces economic investments, influences food insecurity and makes people vulnerable. The paper found that the prevalence of HIV reduces labor supply and productivity, increases the cost of health services, promote inequality and poverty. The paper found that the prevalence of HIV was caused by the failure to integrate religion, culture and science infrastructure to achieve a holistic treatment acceptance and adherence that would overcome all misconceptions people have towards the disease. The paper found that while science provides effective HIV treatments, religious and cultural perspectives often shape community attitudes toward the disease. It was found that engaging religious and cultural as well as health workers or health advocates can help reduce stigma and promote ART adherence by aligning treatment messages with faith-based principles. The paper found that the integration that incorporates religion, culture, and science into HIV interventions would promote a more inclusive healthcare system that respects diverse beliefs while ensuring evidence-based treatment is accessible and widely accepted. The study was conducted through a qualitative methodology. Data was collected from secondary sources that included published articles, books and occasional papers as well as reports. Collected data was interpreted and analyzed through document analysis techniques.

Exposure to high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) has various effects on living tissues involved in biodiversity. Interactions between fields and exposed tissues are correlated with the characteristics of the exposure, tissue behavior, and field intensity and frequency. These interactions can produce mainly adverse thermal and possibly non-thermal effects. In fact, the most expected type of outcome is a thermal biological effect (BE), where tissues are materially heated by the dissipated electromagnetic energy due to HF-EMF exposure. In case of exposure at a disproportionate intensity and duration, HF-EMF can induce a potentially harmful non-thermal BE on living tissues contained within biodiversity. This paper aims to analyze the thermal BE on biodiversity living tissues and the associated EMF and bio-heat (BH) governing equations.

In an era of intensified market competition, internal brand management (IBM) has emerged as a critical strategy for aligning employee behavior with brand values. This study investigates how IBM influences brand citizenship behavior (BCB) among front-line restaurant employees in Macao, emphasizing the mediating role of brand identification (BI) and simultaneously testing the moderating effect of leader-member exchange (LMX). Drawing from Social Identity Theory and Social Exchange Theory, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the model using data from 315 employees across 11 Macao restaurant companies. Analyzing via software package Smart-Pls 4.1, we found that IBM significantly enhances BI, which in turn strongly predicts BCB. While IBM directly impacts BCB, the effect is mediated by BI. Furthermore, LMX moderates the IBM-BI relationships, underscoring the role of leadership in internal branding effectiveness. These findings contribute to the internal branding literature by validating BI as a key psychological mechanism and LMX as a boundary condition. Practically, the study provides insights for restaurant industry seeking to foster brand-aligned behaviors through internal brand management.

The rapid digitalisation of business processes and the widespread adoption of remote work since the COVID‑19 pandemic have forced private enterprises to re‑examine the role of human resource management (HRM). Drawing on the resource‑based view, this study investigates how digital HR strategies—covering recruitment & selection, training & development, performance management and digital employee services—affect employee engagement and firm performance in a context where a significant portion of the workforce operates remotely. Using survey data from 150 employees and managers in 50 privately owned firms in Chongqing, China, supplemented by semi‑structured interviews with HR leaders, we develop a digital HR adoption index and test its impact on remote work effectiveness and organisational performance. The results show that higher levels of digital HR adoption positively influence employee engagement, reduce perceptions of relative deprivation and cyberloafing, and enhance remote work effectiveness. Regression analysis further indicates that remote work effectiveness mediates the relationship between digital HR adoption and organisational performance. Qualitative insights highlight the importance of leadership support, training and the integration of platforms such as WeChat Work, DingTalk and Tencent Meeting for managing remote teams. Our findings offer evidence‑based recommendations for private enterprises in emerging economies to align digital HR strategies with remote working arrangements, support employee well‑being and sustain performance.

  Polyurethane is a multipurpose polymer with valuable mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability, and countless other physical features. Polyurethanes can be processed as foam, elastomer, or fibers. This innovative overview is designed to uncover the present state and opportunities in the field of polyurethanes and their nanocomposite sponges. Special emphasis has been given to fundamentals of polyurethanes and foam materials, related nanocomposite categories, and associated properties and applications. According to literature so far, adding carbon nanoparticles such as graphene and carbon nanotube influenced cell structure, overall microstructure, electrical/thermal conductivity, mechanical/heat stability, of the resulting polyurethane nanocomposite foams. Such progressions enabled high tech applications in the fields such as electromagnetic interference shielding, shape memory, and biomedical materials, underscoring the need of integrating these macromolecular sponges on industrial level environmentally friendly designs. Future research must be intended to resolve key challenges related to manufacturing and applicability of polyurethane nanocomposite foams. In particular, material design optimization, invention of low price processing methods, appropriate choice of nanofiller type/contents, understanding and control of interfacial and structure-property interplay must be determined.