The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) constitutes a crucial international framework that underscores the significance of inclusive education for individuals with disabilities, a vital goal for nations globally. This study seeks to examine the alignment of the recently established Saudi Law on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (SLRPD) with the CRPD in the educational sector. The study employs a comparative analytical methodology to examine pertinent legal material and international treaties regarding inclusive education for individuals with disabilities. The findings indicate that the SLRPD substantially improves the rights of persons with disabilities by facilitating access to educational opportunities. Article 8 of the bill significantly enhances Saudi Arabia’s adherence to Article 24 of the CRPD objectives regarding inclusive education. The report emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s dedication to the ongoing evaluation and enhancement of its legal frameworks to facilitate access to educational opportunities for disabled children and youth. Under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, the Kingdom has made significant strides in assisting those with disabilities, aligning with worldwide norms and its strategic goals. The research advises nations to intensify their initiatives for inclusive education by bolstering intersectoral collaboration, amplifying awareness activities, and cultivating relationships with international organizations. These measures will not only guarantee ongoing adherence to the CRPD but will also empower persons with disabilities to attain sustainable educational opportunities.

This study examines the aggregate consumption function of Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022, focusing on identifying key determinants of household consumption and evaluating the impacts of disposable income, household wealth, government expenditure, interest rates, and oil revenues. the research uses advanced econometric methods, including the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and Johansen cointegration test, to analyze the relationships among these variables. the findings reveal that disposable income, household wealth, and government expenditure significantly and positively influence consumption, whereas interest rates show a negative correlation. oil revenues also play a critical role, reflecting the country’s economic reliance on oil. the study highlights the necessity for economic diversification to reduce the impact of oil price volatility on household income and consumption stability. The results offer crucial insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for strategies that enhance household income and wealth, maintain robust public sector spending, and effectively manage interest rates. these findings also support the importance of consistent and predictable income sources for sustaining consumption. additionally, this study suggests directions for future research, including developing sophisticated forecasting models to predict consumption trends and exploring other influencing factors such as demographic shifts and technological progress.

The demography of Saudi Arabia has been discussed many times but its conflict with the theories of transition and associated structural changes is unexplained. This research explains the demographic differentials stated as lag - real from theoretical – separately for the native and total population. This research developed demographic indicators revealing trends and patterns by adopting a secondary data analysis method, utilizing the General Authority for Statistics census data and other online data. The demographic transition of Saudi Arabia is in line with the theoretical contentions of pretransition and transition (early, mid, and late) stages but at definite time intervals. The absolute size, percentage change, and annual growth rate are explanatory for natives and are considered separately. Moreover, the structural population changes reveal transition stages from expansive to near expansive and constricting and stabilizing. Furthermore, broad age groups indicate rapid declines in the percentage of children, rapid increases in young adults, slow increases in older adults, and no changes in older persons. Even the sex ratio of natives is at par with other populations in transition (slightly above 100). Thus, it could be concluded that a demographic transition with structural changes as per theories: flawless growth rates with an expanding demographic dividend. At this juncture, the integration of migrants into society by endorsing family life and enabling social and demographic balance appears as imperative to improving the labor sector, productivity, and the image of the country in the international spheres for comparisons and benchmarking.

This study examined the impact of transition programs on the post-school outcomes of Saudi adolescents with special needs. The study examines the impact of vocational training, career counseling, and community participation on job outcomes, the pursuit of further education, and the acquisition of independent living skills. The research is conducted on a diverse sample of 500 students (260 girls and 240 boys). The data is analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA, revealing positive perceptions of transition services and identifying significant predictors of post-school performance. Post-hoc testing enhances understanding of nuanced differences between groups. The findings underscore the need for tailored transition programs that prioritize the extent of vocational training and apply culturally responsive approaches. Proposed approaches include enhancing vocational training programs, enhancing career counseling services, encouraging community involvement, and performing continuous research and evaluation. This study makes substantial additions to the current corpus of knowledge and provides crucial information to influence policy and practice in Saudi Arabia.

The study sheds light on how service quality aspects affect customer satisfaction in the Saudi banking sector’s particular socio-cultural setting. Thus, the study examines the role of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in the banking industry of Saudi Arabia. The study examined how reliability, assurance, empathy, tangibility, and responsiveness affect customer satisfaction in the Saudi Arabian banking market using 250 bank clients. 250 Saudi bank customers completed a standardised questionnaire. These were normal bank customers with proper bank accounts. IBM SPSS correlational and multiple regression analysis investigated variable connections. The study found a significant favourable influence of reliability on customer satisfaction. However, assurance was not significant. Empathy had a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Tangibility shown a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Responsiveness was not significant. The study emphasises on reliability, empathy, and physical service delivery to boost banking customer happiness. The study found 3 of 5 service quality factors to be significant predictors. Service empathy, tangibility, and reliability greatly impacted customer satisfaction. Managers in Saudi banking should prioritize reliability, empathy, and tangibility to boost customer satisfaction. To keep customers happy, managers should monitor these service quality dimensions and adjust strategies based on feedback. Technology can improve service quality by streamlining processes and personalizing experiences.

Census 2022 of Saudi Arabia was released recently, with 12 years of intercensal interval. Although it appeared provisional having no reports similar to the 2010 census, efforts to analyze, interpret, disseminate, and discuss were essential for building structures and systems at par with demographic trends and patterns. An analysis was carried out with this census data compared to 2004 and 2010 to track population change—demographic pace, trends, and patterns—over the two decades. Data from all three censuses were analyzed with conventional demographic techniques. A reduction in growth was observed with a declining percentage of the childhood population but with an expanding percentage of the adults (working age) indicating a demographic dividend resulted, mostly, from fertility decline. An aging trend established by the previous censuses was lost, recently: the constriction of the pyramid of 2010 was changed to a different shape. Not only the percentage distribution trends were uneven but also the age-based indices. Thus, these trends revealed a demographic difference to an extent, that demands standardized reports, uniform procedures for the data collection and compilation, and geographic distribution equations. The increasing concentration in urban centers of major administrative areas—Al-Riyadh, Makkah Al-Mokarramah, and the Eastern Region demand redistribution policies. Self-contained townships appear as a strategic option in population redistribution, guaranteeing quality standards and lifestyle.