This research endeavors to assess the legal requirements for the operation of mediation and conciliation centers in the UAE based on Federal Law No. 17 of 2016 and its amendment in 2021 No. 5. It is structured into three main sections: the first establishes and defines these centers, the second defines conciliation procedures and the third considers the preceding. The aim is to identify the legal procedures associated with mediation and conciliation centers within the UAE judicial systems and their function in providing solutions for civil and business litigations with the most efficiency and minor financial investments. It also calls for using other forms of conflict adjudication before adopting the legal approach. The conclusions and recommendations indicate the necessity of further improving the Mediation and Conciliation Centers Law due to the necessity of legislative shifts, which would contribute to the UAE’s leading position in legislation related to centers for mediation and conciliation.

In Industry 4.0, the business model innovation plays a crucial role in enabling organizations to stay competitive and capitalize on the opportunities presented by digital transformation. Industry 4.0 is driven by digitalization and characterized by integrating various emerging technologies. These technologies can potentially change traditional business models and create new value propositions for customers. This paper aims to analyze and review the research papers through a bibliometric approach scientifically. The data were extracted from reputable Clarivate Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection sources from 2010 to 2023 (June). However, the publication started in 2018 for the research fields. The results show that scientific publications on research domains have increased significantly from 2020. VOSviewer, R Language, and Microsoft Excel were utilized for analysis. Bibliometric and Scientometric approaches conducted to determine and explore the publication patterns with significant keywords, topical trends, and content clustering better discussions of the publication period. The visualization of the data set related to research trends of Industry 4.0 in relation to Business Model Innovation resulted in several co-occurrence clusters namely: 1) Business Model Innovation; 2) Industry 4.0; 3) Digital transformation; and 4) Technology implementation and analysis. The study results would identify worldwide research trends related to the research domains and recommendations for future research areas.

With the faster pace of China’s opening to the outside world, the contacts between Chinese enterprises and Portuguese speaking countries are becoming more and more frequent. Under this trend, how to further improve the quality of Portuguese classroom teaching is related to the development of students, enterprises and the long-term development of the whole country. This paper mainly focuses on the two aspects of “the main problems existing in Portuguese classroom teaching” and “the improvement countermeasures of Portuguese classroom teaching”. Combined with the current situation of Portuguese teaching, this paper puts forward targeted reform measures, in order to further optimize the Portuguese teaching system, with “student development”, “enterprise development” and take “national development” as the ultimate goal to cultivate a large number of high-quality Portuguese talents to the society.

This paper aims to explore the issue of human actions in Islamic thought, focusing on the various stances regarding determinism, free will, and the intermediate position between them. This topic is linked to an ontological question: What are the limits of human responsibility for their actions? Our view is that the different positions on human actions reflect the presence of pluralism within Islamic thought, specifically through the discipline of Islamic theology (kalām). The difference in positions about the human actions within the science of theology expresses the vitality of Islamic thought and its appreciation of the right to differ between theological schools such as the Mu’tazila, Shi’a, and Sunnis, especially in an era dominated by the rationalism of Mu’tazila thought influenced by the methodology of Greek philosophical thought. This difference was recognized, especially in the third and fourth centuries AH/ninth and tenth centuries AD. We consider this difference in discussing the subject of the human actions as evidence of the principle of pluralism in Islam, which allows us to speak of the existence of a significant degree of intellectual tolerance, a subject that has not been studied to date. The prevailing view in studies today on this subject is that the theological groups accuse each other of unbelief, which is a mistaken position, because the saying of unbelief did not appear until after the fourth century AH/tenth century AD when transmission, reliability, and conservatism prevailed in Islamic thought. In addressing this issue, we examine three major stances on human actions as represented by three theological schools: The Mu’tazila (who advocated free will in human actions), the Jabriya (who advocated determinism in human actions), and the Ash’ariyya (who upheld the theory of acquisition). Once this is accomplished, we will explore the philosophy of pluralism in Islam through the lens of kalām. The most important conclusion we reached is that the debate on human actions opened, by the mid-4th century AH/10th century CE, an intellectual horizon that laid the foundations for pluralism in Islamic theological discussions. However, this horizon was soon closed due to various factors, which we have discussed throughout the paper.