This research aims to determine the factors driving the success of four large cities in Indonesia in implementing Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) infrastructure policies beyond the eight TOD 3.0 Principles. Only a few studies like this have been conducted. The research uses qualitative methods and is supported by in-depth interviews with stakeholders, community leaders, community groups, and service users. The research findings reveal six themes: policy dialogue, organizational structure and coordination, changes in community habits, resources, dissemination and communication, and transportation and connectivity services. The characteristics of the community in the study area that prioritize deliberation are important determinants in policy dialogue and are involved in determining policy formulation. The city government has established a comprehensive organizational and coordination structure for the village and sub-district levels. The Government controls infrastructure development activities, establishes a chain of command and coordination, and encourages people to change their private car usage habits. The city government combines all this with the principle of deliberation and conveys important information to the public. The research highlights the differences in TOD implementation in Indonesia compared to other countries. Specifically, the existence of policy dialogue and the direct involvement of community members influence the level of program policy formulation and are crucial in controlling urban infrastructure development.

The Corona epidemic, as a global crisis, and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) ISIS (war, as a regional crisis in Iraq, have significantly impacted the atmosphere of companies and the continuation of their activities. The present study examines the role of these crises in creating incentives for fraudulent reporting and reducing or improving audit quality. It also compares the results of these two relationships with each other. In other words, the current paper sought to answer these issues: What effect did the ISIS war and the COVID-19 pandemic have on the fraudulent reporting motives of companies, and how did it affect the quality of their audits? In the end, the answer to this question was addressed: What are the differences and similarities between the study results of the impact of COVID-19 and ISIS on fraudulent financial reporting and audit quality? For this purpose, the data of 33 companies from 2008 to 2021 (462 observations) were collected to examine six formulated hypotheses, and the hypotheses were tested using the method of structural equations and analysis of variance. Interviews with experts were also used to determine quality indicators of auditing and fraudulent financial reporting so that indigenous indicators were selected and finalized. The results showed no significant relationship between the epidemic of the COVID-19 crisis and the motives of fraudulent reporting and audit quality and between the crisis of the ISIS war and the motives of fraudulent reporting. However, the ISIS war crisis has negatively and significantly impacted audit quality. Finally, the results indicated no significant difference between the impact of the epidemic crisis of COVID-19 and ISIS on the motives of fraudulent reporting. Still, there is a significant difference in the impact of the epidemic crisis of COVID-19 and ISIS on the audit quality. The knowledge enhancement of the present study is the development of literature on the impact of the Corona and ISIS crises on corporate financial reporting and auditing. The current paper, by studying the consequences of COVID-19 and ISIS, showed that further investigations in this field, especially regarding the capital market environment and A company, can obtain essential results based on which practical suggestions can be made for possible future crises.

Historically, transportation projects and urban mobility policies overlook the dimension of social sustainability, mainly focusing on economic and environmental criteria. This neglect, seen enhanced in the Global South, leads to long travel times, growing congestion, reliance on motorcycles, high traffic accident rates, and limited access to public transport, jobs, and urban facilities, especially for the more vulnerable population. In light of these issues, this paper proposes the Social Sustainability of Urban Mobility (SSUM) approach as an analytical framework that assesses the state of social sustainability in urban mobility by applying a Systematic Literature Review where three gaps were found. First, by tailoring the SSUM approach to the context of the Global South, it is possible to address the population-focused gap in urban mobility. Second, in the literature review, a theoretical gap defining social sustainability in urban mobility and its three primary categories has yet to reach a consensus among practitioners and academics. Finally, more empirical research should be conducted to discuss methodological aspects of operationalizing the SSUM approach through the three main categories: accessibility, the sustainability of the community, and institutionality. The SSUM approach promotes implementing a sustainable urban agenda that builds inclusive, equitable, and just cities in urban mobility.

The discourse on advocacy planning involving actors has not explicitly addressed the question of who the actor advocate planner is and how an actor can become an advocate planner. This paper attempts to exploring the actor advocate planner in the context of Regional Splits as, employing social network analysis as a research tool. This research employs an exploratory, mixed-methods approach, predominantly qualitative in nature. The initial phase entailed the investigation and examination of qualitative data through the acquisition of information from interviews with key stakeholders involved in Regional Splits, including communities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), governmental entities, and political parties. The subsequent phase utilized quantitative techniques derived from the findings of the qualitative analysis, which were then analysis into the Gephi application. The findings indicate that the Regional Splits the Presidium Community represents civil society and political parties serve as crucial advocate planners, facilitating connections between disparate actors and promoting Regional Splits through political parties.

The sustainable development of Madeira Island necessitates the implementation of more precise and targeted planning strategies to address its regional challenges. Given the urgency of this issue within the context of sustainability, planning approaches must be grounded in and reinforced by a comprehensive array of thematic studies to fully grasp the complexities involved. This research leverages Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze land use and occupancy patterns and their evolution within the municipality of Machico on Madeira Island. The study provides a nuanced perspective on the urban structure’s stagnation in the region, while concurrently highlighting the dynamic shifts in agricultural practices. Furthermore, it elucidates the transformation of predominant native vegetation within the municipality from 1990 to 2018. Notably, the research underscores the alarming decline in native vegetation due to anthropogenic activities, emphasizing the need for more rigorous monitoring by regional authorities to safeguard and preserve these valuable landscapes, habitats, and ecosystems.

In the context of globalization and urbanization, rural development faces many challenges, such as population loss and uneven distribution of resources. This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in sustainable rural development strategies between China and Europe through a comparative perspective. China has optimized land use by relying on land policy innovations, such as the household contract responsibility system and the “separation of three rights”, as well as the construction of small towns; while Europe focuses on private ownership and market mechanisms, and supports agricultural and rural development through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Using literature review, comparative research and policy analysis, the study shows that the policy innovations in China and Europe, each with its own focus, have been effective in promoting agricultural output and rural social development. Particularly noteworthy is that the “three rights” policy has increased agricultural productivity through the liberalization of management rights, while the European CAP has contributed to the diversification of the rural economy and environmental protection through continuous reforms. This study emphasizes that through policy innovation and international cooperation, combining the strengths of China and Europe, it is possible to provide a new model of sustainable development for the global countryside. Specifically, through the establishment of Sino-European R&D centers for agricultural science and technology, exchange of talents, and cooperation in green infrastructure development, technology transfer and application can be accelerated, cultural exchange and understanding can be promoted, and the sustainable development agenda for global rural areas can be jointly advanced.