Autism is often referred to as autism spectrum disorder that constitutes a diverse group of conditions related to brain development (which is a neurodevelopmental disorder). Autism spectrum disorder patients often have difficulty communicating and interacting socially, and are characterized by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests that have been shown to be the same in cultures of countries around the world. However, the interpretation of symptoms and recognition in terms of policies and laws in countries are not the same. Accordingly, some countries recognize autism spectrum disorder as one of the types of disability and some countries do not, including Vietnam. Currently, Vietnam's Law on Persons with Disabilities 2010 does not recognize the term "autism" in the Law. At the same time, there is a lack of legal issues related to the "autism spectrum" from the time of diagnosis such as policies on practical support appropriate to each individual's needs and interests so that they can develop and be integrated in the medical field, education and enjoyment of other benefits such as persons with disabilities. This is an overlooked term that leads to the community having a misperception of "autism" when they are not aware that autism is a disease or a disability, what causes autism and why, etc. The article points out the current situation of adjustment by policies and laws on autistic people in Vietnam. On that basis, the article focuses on analyzing the contents that need to reform those policies and laws to ensure human rights of autistic people and their families.

This study aims to apply mathematical modelling methods focusing on the fishing songs of Poyang Lake for its conservation and digital reform. Through the principles of abstraction, model building and parameter estimation of mathematical modelling, we will quantitatively analyse the efficiency of cultural heritage and the degree of influence of digital reform. Specific methods include time series analysis, data mining and optimisation models. These tools will provide theoretical support and quantify the complexity of the problem by introducing corresponding mathematical models and formulas.

This study examines the aggregate consumption function of Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022, focusing on identifying key determinants of household consumption and evaluating the impacts of disposable income, household wealth, government expenditure, interest rates, and oil revenues. the research uses advanced econometric methods, including the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and Johansen cointegration test, to analyze the relationships among these variables. the findings reveal that disposable income, household wealth, and government expenditure significantly and positively influence consumption, whereas interest rates show a negative correlation. oil revenues also play a critical role, reflecting the country’s economic reliance on oil. the study highlights the necessity for economic diversification to reduce the impact of oil price volatility on household income and consumption stability. The results offer crucial insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for strategies that enhance household income and wealth, maintain robust public sector spending, and effectively manage interest rates. these findings also support the importance of consistent and predictable income sources for sustaining consumption. additionally, this study suggests directions for future research, including developing sophisticated forecasting models to predict consumption trends and exploring other influencing factors such as demographic shifts and technological progress.

Since my country entered the era of Internet economy, the scale of the software industry is gradually expanding, and programming language, as an important tool and idea for software development, is a necessary skill for every development practitioner. Among them, C language, as the basic language of computer software programming, is also an important basic course for cultivating students’ computer application ability in science and engineering majors in colleges and universities. This paper mainly studies the teaching reform of C language programming courses and proposes corresponding optimization measures, so as to lay a solid foundation for the continuous improvement of students’ learning quality of C language courses and the continuous strengthening of programming ability.

The development of the times and the progress of society have put forward new requirements for the conduct of party building work. Only by adhering to innovative ideas, continuously adjusting and scientifically planning the mode of party building work, can a new and systematic guidance system for party building be constructed, so that the conduct of party building work in universities presents a new development state and mode. Based on the influence of the information technology environment and the guidance of the spirit of the 20th National Congress, this article explores and analyzes the innovative reform of party building work in universities in the new era. From different perspectives such as introducing advanced technology and innovative party building work concepts, it systematically explores the innovative planning measures for party building work, striving to build a new organizational system for party building in universities, and scientifically optimize the value and effectiveness of party building work in universities.

Despite its leading role in the urban transport system, paratransit is accused of being unsustainable and hostile to modernity. The reform of the sector is necessary in the context of the modernization of the transport system of African cities. It requires the formalization of actors through technical and financial support such as fleet renewal projects. This article attempts to analyze the financing process and the level of formalism of the operators constituted within the AFTU in the context of the financing operation of paratransit operators in Dakar, Senegal. The methodological approach adopted is based on the analysis of qualitative data from questionnaire surveys carried out in the AFTU network in Dakar; official documents¹ were also used. The results show that the Dakar financing model put in place has made it possible to make significant progress in the reorganization of paratransit professionals. In addition to the concessioned lines, a salaried system was introduced, pricing is now official and the standardized ticketing system has been put in place. Nevertheless, improvements are expected on the working conditions of employees, the capacity building of actors and the evolution of the legal status of companies.