Access to clean drinking water is universally recognized as a fundamental human right, yet millions globally still lack safe water. Contaminants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and microbial pathogens pose significant health risks. Traditional water purification methods, while effective, often come with high costs and may not remove all types of contaminants. There is a need for more accessible and comprehensive solutions to improve drinking water quality. This study aims to explore the efficacy of activated carbon as a viable solution for enhancing drinking water quality and to identify the mechanisms through which it purifies water. The research involved a review of existing literature on activated carbon, including its various forms (powdered, granular, black carbon filters) and sources (coal, coconut shells, wood, peat). The study analyzed the physical and chemical processes of adsorption and the factors influencing these mechanisms. Activated carbon significantly increases surface area and adsorption capacity, enabling effective removal of a diverse range of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, heavy metals, and certain harmful microbes. The findings suggest that activated carbon is a promising and cost-effective alternative for improving drinking water quality, with potential applications in various contexts to enhance public health and access to safe water.

Heat transfer enhancement (HTE) is a topic of everlasting importance in thermal engineering research. The latest focuses in this field are on nanosolutions for more efficient thermal transmission fluids (a) and designs of metallic foams (b) Metallic foams provide extended surfaces for HTE and possess advantages such as a high value of Cp, high thermal conductivity (TC) and being light weight. nanosolutions, on the other hand, can be used as an efficient HT medium as they exhibit higher TCs in comparison to base fluids. This review paper summarizes the physical properties of nanosolutions and or within the metal foam, focusing on HT and flow properties of nanosolutions, metal foam and combined NS-metal foam systems. The inspiration novelty for this review is the basic transference identifications for the HT enhancement of nanosolutions in porous media. The aim of the work is to provide insight on how nanosolutions in conjunction with porous media can be useful for HTE.

The two-phase flow in micro/mini channels is of fundamental importance for many interesting applications, such as cooling of micro-electronic components and devices by a compact heat exchanger, material processing and thin-film deposition technology, bioengineering, and biotechnology. This article discusses significant developments made in the past ten years by researchers in the fields of pool boiling and convective boiling, using water, nanofluids, and refrigerants as the working fluids. The literature's data is examined in terms of improvements and declines in the critical heat flow and nucleate boiling heat transfer.Conflicting data have been presented in the literature on the effect that nanofluids/refrigerants have on the boiling heat-transfer coefficient; however, almost all the researchers have noted an enhancement in the critical heat flux during nanofluid/refrigerant boiling. Several researchers have observed nanoparticle deposition at the heater surface, which they have related to the critical heat flux enhancement.

Proposed herein is an environment-friendly method to realize oil/water separation. Nylon mesh is exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma for surface modification, by which micro/nano structures and oxygen-containing groups are created on nylon fibers. Consequently, the functionalized mesh possesses superhydrophilicity in air and thus superoleophobicity underwater. The water pre-wetted mesh is then used to separate oil/water mixtures with the separation efficiency above 97.5% for various oil/water mixtures. Results also demonstrate that the functionalized nylon mesh has excellent recyclability and durability in terms of oil/water separation. Additionally, polyurethane sponge slice and polyester fabric are also functionalized and employed to separate oil/water mixtures efficiently, demonstrating the wide suitability of this method. This simple, green and highly efficient method overcomes a nontrivial hurdle for environmentally-safe separation of oil/water mixtures, and offers insights into the design of advanced materials for practical oil/water separation.

The low V-notch impact toughness is a notable limitation of the PBT/PA6 blend. In this study, we maintained a fixed PBT/PA6 ratio of 50/50 while varying the proportion of PP in the given blend at levels of 0%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% neat PP. The results from the unnotched impact toughness tests for the PP/PBT/PA6 blends showed favorable outcomes. Specifically, the impact toughness of the PP/PBT/PA6 samples progressively increased with the rise in PP content. Initially, the toughness dropped from 10.13 kJ/m² in the 0% PP sample to 8.6 kJ/m² in the 70% PP sample, before increasing gradually from 8.6 kJ/m² in the 70% PP sample to 17.45 kJ/m² in the 90% PP sample to 17.45 kJ/m² in the 90% PP sample, which represents an increase of about 72% relative to the 0% PP sample. These positive results demonstrate that the addition of PP significantly enhances the impact toughness of the blend compared to formulations without PP.

One of the most important ways to achieve the goals stipulated by the Paris (2015) Agree-ment on climate change is to solve a two-fold task: 1) the adsorption of CO2 by the forest communities fcom the atmosphere during global warming and 2) their adaptation to these climate changes, which should ensure the effectiveness of adsorption itself. Report presents the regional experience of the numerical solution of this task. Calculations of the carbon balance of forests in the Oka-Volga River basin were carried out for global forecasts of moderate and extreme warming. The proposed index of labile elastic-plastic stability of forest ecosystems, which characterizes their succession-restorative po-tential, was used as an indicator of adaptation. A numerical experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the elastic-plastic stability of forest formations and the predicted climatic conditions on the carbon balance. In the upcoming 100-year forecast period, the overall stability of forest formations should increase, and to the greatest extent with extreme warming. Accordingly, one should expect a significant increase in the ability of boreal forests to ab-sorb greenhouse gases. It is determined unambiguous picture of a significant increase in the adsorption capacity of boreal forests with a rise in their regenerative potential.