This study provides an empirical examination of the design and modification of China’s urban social security programme. In doing so, this study complements the popular assumption regarding the correlation between economic growth and social security development. Focusing on the economic and political motivations behind the ruling party’s decision to implement social security, this study first discusses the modification of urban social security and welfare in China. It then empirically demonstrates the mechanisms behind the system’s operation. This study proposes the following hypothesis: in a country like China, a change in the doctrine of the ruling party will affect government alliances, negating the positive impact of economic growth on the development of social security. In demonstrating this hypothesis, this study identifies a political precondition impacting the explanatory power of popular conceptions of social security development.

Iran has one of the oldest civilizations in the world, and many elements of today’s urban planning and design have their origins in the country. However, mass country-city migration from the 1960s onwards brought enormous challenges for the country’s main cities in the provision of adequate housing and associated services, resulting in a range of sub-standard housing solutions, particularly in Tehran, the capital city. At the same time, and notably in the past decade, Iran’s main cities have had significant involvement in the smart city movement. The Smart Tehran Program is currently underway, attempting to transition the capital towards a smart city by 2025. This study adopts a qualitative, inductive approach based on secondary sources and interview evidence to explore the current housing problems in Tehran and their relationship with the Smart Tehran Program. It explores how housing has evolved in Tehran and identifies key aspects of the current provision, and then assesses the main components of the Smart Tehran Program and their potential contribution to remedying the housing problems in the city. The article concludes that although housing related issues are at least being raised via the new smart city technology infrastructure, any meaningful change in housing provision is hampered by the over centralized and bureaucratic political system, an out of date planning process, lack of integration of planning and housing initiatives, and the limited scope for real citizen participation.

This article is a study of the institutional governance of farmers in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency using the concept of Society 5.0 and the governance paradigm for analysis in peat area studies. This study aims to determine the form of institutional governance of smallholder agriculture in peat areas and determine the truth of the influence of community economic management and development indicators on Society 5.0, which results from empirical studies in the field. This study uses the mixed methods method, which combines quantitative and qualitative data analysis to measure the truth of information. The results of the study illustrate that the question study first finds existing forms of institutional governance walk, however still passive; this is caused by constraints of knowledge management plant horticulture in the region peat, utilization process nutrients, and management techniques group sustainable farming in aspect regulation government and empowerment company around through CSR; on the question, it has been furthermore found that management variables and community economic development have a positive influence on Society 5.0. This study uses quantitative analysis and calculation results from the SPSS analysis test to support this conclusion. From this study, it formulated recommendation from the synergy between economic development and management of peat areas to socio-economic and environmental impacts that must be considered by interested stakeholders, as well as maximizing function technology in making it easy to manage horticulture plants in peat areas as a form of Society 5.0 to minimize behind.

The significance of infrastructure development as a determinant of economic growth has been widely studied by economists and policymakers. Though there is no much debate about the importance of infrastructure on growth, the extent to which infrastructure affects growth in the long run is often debated among researchers. This paper aims to examine the effect of infrastructure development on economic growth in ten sub-Saharan Africa. This study uses balanced panel data of ten African countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa over the period of 2010–2020 by analyzing a set of independent variables with relation to the dependent, which is GDP per capita. The study has found that water supply & sanitation index and electricity index have positive and significant relationship with economic growth, while transport index and Information & Communications (ICT) have negative relationship with economic growth in these countries.